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Synthesis of ferrate (Fe())-coated sand for stabilized reactivity and enhanced treatment of phenol
Ferrate (Fe( vi )) is a multifunctional water treatment agent of interest due to its benign environmental impact yet effective disinfecting, coagulating, and oxidizing capabilities. Fe( vi ) decomposition in water produces short-lived Fe( v ) and Fe( iv ) intermediates which are highly effective oxi...
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| Published in: | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Materials for energy and sustainability, 2023-06, Vol.11 (25), p.13552-13563 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-a6f4c188470ccfe7defe9f60d962092a7bf0ae69133b1f3f9b87d0170c01d4b33 |
| container_end_page | 13563 |
| container_issue | 25 |
| container_start_page | 13552 |
| container_title | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability |
| container_volume | 11 |
| creator | Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K Ray, Jessica R |
| description | Ferrate (Fe(
vi
)) is a multifunctional water treatment agent of interest due to its benign environmental impact yet effective disinfecting, coagulating, and oxidizing capabilities. Fe(
vi
) decomposition in water produces short-lived Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) intermediates which are highly effective oxidants. Studies report that the addition of SiO
2
gels during Fe(
vi
) application can facilitate Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) generation, and stabilize Fe(
vi
) reactivity for enhanced treatment. However, the application of SiO
2
gels is impractical and requires post-treatment disposal. This study leverages SiO
2
stabilization and catalytic effects on Fe(
vi
) reactivity to develop a Fe(
vi
)-coated sand water treatment media. The Fe(
vi
)-coated sand was synthesized by coating potassium ferrate onto sand modified with a tetraethyl orthosilicate precursor. The mass of Fe(
vi
) leached from the media surface increased with increasing pH (pH 7-9). Furthermore, Fe(
vi
) decay was faster in a borate buffer (
k
= 2.22 mg L
−1
h
−1
) than in a phosphate buffer (
k
= 3.39 mg L
−1
h
−1
). Removal of 219 ± 12 μg per L phenol-a representative wastewater organic compound-was achieved at a faster rate by the composite than by application of aqueous K
2
FeO
4
powder (51% removed after 5 min compared to 37%). Decomposition of Fe(
vi
) from the composite surface in the presence of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) suggests that reactive Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) formation occurs at a faster rate than with K
2
FeO
4
powder addition. In the presence of PMSO, phenol treatment was approximately 1.1 times higher, which suggests Fe(
v
)/Fe(
iv
) involvement. This novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly media presents a viable alternative for more feasible deployment of Fe(
vi
) in water treatment systems.
Degradation of phenol and formation of an oxidation byproduct by synthesized Fe(
vi
)-coated sand. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d3ta01950k |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1039_D3TA01950K</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2829692436</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-a6f4c188470ccfe7defe9f60d962092a7bf0ae69133b1f3f9b87d0170c01d4b33</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpFkEFLAzEQhYMoWGov3oUFL62wOtlss8mxVKtiwYP1vGSTCd3a7tYkFdZfb2qlzmVm3ny8gUfIJYVbCkzeGRYUUDmGjxPSy2AMaZFLfnqchTgnA-9XEEsAcCl7pHrrmrBEX_uktYlF51TAZDjD4WiU6jYuJvGqMYltXeKDqup1_R01h0qH-qsOXbK_YrNUjY56iIewwSbs7bZLbNr1BTmzau1x8Nf75H32sJg-pfPXx-fpZJ7qTNCQKm5zTYXIC9DaYmHQorQcjOQZyEwVlQWFXFLGKmqZlZUoDNBIAzV5xVifXB98t6793KEP5arduSa-LDORSS6znPFI3Rwo7VrvHdpy6-qNcl1JodzHWN6zxeQ3xpcIXx1g5_WR-4-Z_QAaT27l</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2829692436</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Synthesis of ferrate (Fe())-coated sand for stabilized reactivity and enhanced treatment of phenol</title><source>Royal Society of Chemistry</source><creator>Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K ; Ray, Jessica R</creator><creatorcontrib>Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K ; Ray, Jessica R</creatorcontrib><description>Ferrate (Fe(
vi
)) is a multifunctional water treatment agent of interest due to its benign environmental impact yet effective disinfecting, coagulating, and oxidizing capabilities. Fe(
vi
) decomposition in water produces short-lived Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) intermediates which are highly effective oxidants. Studies report that the addition of SiO
2
gels during Fe(
vi
) application can facilitate Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) generation, and stabilize Fe(
vi
) reactivity for enhanced treatment. However, the application of SiO
2
gels is impractical and requires post-treatment disposal. This study leverages SiO
2
stabilization and catalytic effects on Fe(
vi
) reactivity to develop a Fe(
vi
)-coated sand water treatment media. The Fe(
vi
)-coated sand was synthesized by coating potassium ferrate onto sand modified with a tetraethyl orthosilicate precursor. The mass of Fe(
vi
) leached from the media surface increased with increasing pH (pH 7-9). Furthermore, Fe(
vi
) decay was faster in a borate buffer (
k
= 2.22 mg L
−1
h
−1
) than in a phosphate buffer (
k
= 3.39 mg L
−1
h
−1
). Removal of 219 ± 12 μg per L phenol-a representative wastewater organic compound-was achieved at a faster rate by the composite than by application of aqueous K
2
FeO
4
powder (51% removed after 5 min compared to 37%). Decomposition of Fe(
vi
) from the composite surface in the presence of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) suggests that reactive Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) formation occurs at a faster rate than with K
2
FeO
4
powder addition. In the presence of PMSO, phenol treatment was approximately 1.1 times higher, which suggests Fe(
v
)/Fe(
iv
) involvement. This novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly media presents a viable alternative for more feasible deployment of Fe(
vi
) in water treatment systems.
Degradation of phenol and formation of an oxidation byproduct by synthesized Fe(
vi
)-coated sand.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-7488</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-7496</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1039/d3ta01950k</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry</publisher><subject>Buffers ; Coatings ; Decay ; Decomposition ; Environmental impact ; Gels ; Intermediates ; Iron ; Organic compounds ; Oxidants ; Oxidation ; Oxidizing agents ; Phenols ; Potassium ; Potassium ferrate ; Sand ; Silicon dioxide ; Tetraethoxysilane ; Tetraethyl orthosilicate ; Wastewater ; Water treatment</subject><ispartof>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 2023-06, Vol.11 (25), p.13552-13563</ispartof><rights>Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-a6f4c188470ccfe7defe9f60d962092a7bf0ae69133b1f3f9b87d0170c01d4b33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-a6f4c188470ccfe7defe9f60d962092a7bf0ae69133b1f3f9b87d0170c01d4b33</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9964-3799</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Jessica R</creatorcontrib><title>Synthesis of ferrate (Fe())-coated sand for stabilized reactivity and enhanced treatment of phenol</title><title>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability</title><description>Ferrate (Fe(
vi
)) is a multifunctional water treatment agent of interest due to its benign environmental impact yet effective disinfecting, coagulating, and oxidizing capabilities. Fe(
vi
) decomposition in water produces short-lived Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) intermediates which are highly effective oxidants. Studies report that the addition of SiO
2
gels during Fe(
vi
) application can facilitate Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) generation, and stabilize Fe(
vi
) reactivity for enhanced treatment. However, the application of SiO
2
gels is impractical and requires post-treatment disposal. This study leverages SiO
2
stabilization and catalytic effects on Fe(
vi
) reactivity to develop a Fe(
vi
)-coated sand water treatment media. The Fe(
vi
)-coated sand was synthesized by coating potassium ferrate onto sand modified with a tetraethyl orthosilicate precursor. The mass of Fe(
vi
) leached from the media surface increased with increasing pH (pH 7-9). Furthermore, Fe(
vi
) decay was faster in a borate buffer (
k
= 2.22 mg L
−1
h
−1
) than in a phosphate buffer (
k
= 3.39 mg L
−1
h
−1
). Removal of 219 ± 12 μg per L phenol-a representative wastewater organic compound-was achieved at a faster rate by the composite than by application of aqueous K
2
FeO
4
powder (51% removed after 5 min compared to 37%). Decomposition of Fe(
vi
) from the composite surface in the presence of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) suggests that reactive Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) formation occurs at a faster rate than with K
2
FeO
4
powder addition. In the presence of PMSO, phenol treatment was approximately 1.1 times higher, which suggests Fe(
v
)/Fe(
iv
) involvement. This novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly media presents a viable alternative for more feasible deployment of Fe(
vi
) in water treatment systems.
Degradation of phenol and formation of an oxidation byproduct by synthesized Fe(
vi
)-coated sand.</description><subject>Buffers</subject><subject>Coatings</subject><subject>Decay</subject><subject>Decomposition</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>Intermediates</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>Oxidants</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Oxidizing agents</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Potassium ferrate</subject><subject>Sand</subject><subject>Silicon dioxide</subject><subject>Tetraethoxysilane</subject><subject>Tetraethyl orthosilicate</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><issn>2050-7488</issn><issn>2050-7496</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkEFLAzEQhYMoWGov3oUFL62wOtlss8mxVKtiwYP1vGSTCd3a7tYkFdZfb2qlzmVm3ny8gUfIJYVbCkzeGRYUUDmGjxPSy2AMaZFLfnqchTgnA-9XEEsAcCl7pHrrmrBEX_uktYlF51TAZDjD4WiU6jYuJvGqMYltXeKDqup1_R01h0qH-qsOXbK_YrNUjY56iIewwSbs7bZLbNr1BTmzau1x8Nf75H32sJg-pfPXx-fpZJ7qTNCQKm5zTYXIC9DaYmHQorQcjOQZyEwVlQWFXFLGKmqZlZUoDNBIAzV5xVifXB98t6793KEP5arduSa-LDORSS6znPFI3Rwo7VrvHdpy6-qNcl1JodzHWN6zxeQ3xpcIXx1g5_WR-4-Z_QAaT27l</recordid><startdate>20230627</startdate><enddate>20230627</enddate><creator>Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K</creator><creator>Ray, Jessica R</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-3799</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230627</creationdate><title>Synthesis of ferrate (Fe())-coated sand for stabilized reactivity and enhanced treatment of phenol</title><author>Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K ; Ray, Jessica R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-a6f4c188470ccfe7defe9f60d962092a7bf0ae69133b1f3f9b87d0170c01d4b33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Buffers</topic><topic>Coatings</topic><topic>Decay</topic><topic>Decomposition</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>Intermediates</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Organic compounds</topic><topic>Oxidants</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Oxidizing agents</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Potassium</topic><topic>Potassium ferrate</topic><topic>Sand</topic><topic>Silicon dioxide</topic><topic>Tetraethoxysilane</topic><topic>Tetraethyl orthosilicate</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ray, Jessica R</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Okaikue-Woodi, Fanny E. K</au><au>Ray, Jessica R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Synthesis of ferrate (Fe())-coated sand for stabilized reactivity and enhanced treatment of phenol</atitle><jtitle>Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability</jtitle><date>2023-06-27</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>25</issue><spage>13552</spage><epage>13563</epage><pages>13552-13563</pages><issn>2050-7488</issn><eissn>2050-7496</eissn><abstract>Ferrate (Fe(
vi
)) is a multifunctional water treatment agent of interest due to its benign environmental impact yet effective disinfecting, coagulating, and oxidizing capabilities. Fe(
vi
) decomposition in water produces short-lived Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) intermediates which are highly effective oxidants. Studies report that the addition of SiO
2
gels during Fe(
vi
) application can facilitate Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) generation, and stabilize Fe(
vi
) reactivity for enhanced treatment. However, the application of SiO
2
gels is impractical and requires post-treatment disposal. This study leverages SiO
2
stabilization and catalytic effects on Fe(
vi
) reactivity to develop a Fe(
vi
)-coated sand water treatment media. The Fe(
vi
)-coated sand was synthesized by coating potassium ferrate onto sand modified with a tetraethyl orthosilicate precursor. The mass of Fe(
vi
) leached from the media surface increased with increasing pH (pH 7-9). Furthermore, Fe(
vi
) decay was faster in a borate buffer (
k
= 2.22 mg L
−1
h
−1
) than in a phosphate buffer (
k
= 3.39 mg L
−1
h
−1
). Removal of 219 ± 12 μg per L phenol-a representative wastewater organic compound-was achieved at a faster rate by the composite than by application of aqueous K
2
FeO
4
powder (51% removed after 5 min compared to 37%). Decomposition of Fe(
vi
) from the composite surface in the presence of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) suggests that reactive Fe(
v
) and Fe(
iv
) formation occurs at a faster rate than with K
2
FeO
4
powder addition. In the presence of PMSO, phenol treatment was approximately 1.1 times higher, which suggests Fe(
v
)/Fe(
iv
) involvement. This novel, cost-effective and eco-friendly media presents a viable alternative for more feasible deployment of Fe(
vi
) in water treatment systems.
Degradation of phenol and formation of an oxidation byproduct by synthesized Fe(
vi
)-coated sand.</abstract><cop>Cambridge</cop><pub>Royal Society of Chemistry</pub><doi>10.1039/d3ta01950k</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-3799</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2050-7488 |
| ispartof | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 2023-06, Vol.11 (25), p.13552-13563 |
| issn | 2050-7488 2050-7496 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_crossref_primary_10_1039_D3TA01950K |
| source | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| subjects | Buffers Coatings Decay Decomposition Environmental impact Gels Intermediates Iron Organic compounds Oxidants Oxidation Oxidizing agents Phenols Potassium Potassium ferrate Sand Silicon dioxide Tetraethoxysilane Tetraethyl orthosilicate Wastewater Water treatment |
| title | Synthesis of ferrate (Fe())-coated sand for stabilized reactivity and enhanced treatment of phenol |
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