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Fundamental guidelines for the active control of the molecular orientation of heteroleptic iridium complexes enabled by carbazole-based host materials

Realizing a perfectly horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moment (TDM) in an emitter molecule is one of the most promising approaches used to boost the efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, fundamental guidelines for horizontal orientation are still under discuss...

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Published in:Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2024-02, Vol.12 (8), p.2772-2779
Main Authors: Arai, Hiroki, Yoshida, Naoto, Sasabe, Hisahiro, Sagae, Yuki, Hoshi, Keigo, Yokoyama, Daisuke, Kido, Junji
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-3bf157747930be4915b56ab8476603ab9166e3e1297c272d101dfe8e88d6d8773
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c281t-3bf157747930be4915b56ab8476603ab9166e3e1297c272d101dfe8e88d6d8773
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container_title Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices
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creator Arai, Hiroki
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Yokoyama, Daisuke
Kido, Junji
description Realizing a perfectly horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moment (TDM) in an emitter molecule is one of the most promising approaches used to boost the efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). However, fundamental guidelines for horizontal orientation are still under discussion, and active control of the molecular orientation by a host material is rarely realized. In this study, we systematically investigated the structure-molecule orientation relationships of representative heteroleptic iridium complexes (HICs) in carbazole-based host materials to formulate guidelines for active control of the TDM. The horizontal orientation ratio ( Θ ) of the TDM is strongly correlated with (i) the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the host material and (ii) the surface area ( S ML ) of the aromatic main ligand in the HICs. Furthermore, compared with emitters with the same S ML values, the Θ values tended to increase when the contact area with the underlying layer increased. These results suggest that (i) the strength of the intermolecular interaction between the emitter and host material and (ii) the contact area of the main ligand in the emitter are crucial factors in the control of TDM in HICs. Finally, we successfully fabricated a yellow phosphorescent OLED with an external quantum efficiency of 29.0%. The transition dipole moments of a heteroleptic iridium complex are actively controlled by using cyano-containing carbazole-based hosts. The orientation ratio ( Θ ) is improved from 65% to 78%. The Θ value is correlated with the T g value of host material.
doi_str_mv 10.1039/d3tc04542k
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subjects Active control
Carbazoles
Devices
Dipole moments
Emitters
Glass transition temperature
Guidelines
Horizontal orientation
Iridium compounds
Ligands
Molecular structure
Organic light emitting diodes
Orientation relationships
Phosphorescence
Quantum efficiency
title Fundamental guidelines for the active control of the molecular orientation of heteroleptic iridium complexes enabled by carbazole-based host materials
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