Temperature Determination of Copper and Iron in the Electron Microscope

A technique is described which allows temperature measurements of Cu and Fe (grids and thin foils) using Cu‐constantan and Fe‐constantan thermocouples, respectively. Beam temperatures ranging from 20–80°C were determined for Cu grids. For Cu and Fe foils, beam temperatures ranging from 40–66°C were...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Review of scientific instruments 1968-12, Vol.39 (12), p.1899-1908
Main Author: Vahldiek, F. W.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:A technique is described which allows temperature measurements of Cu and Fe (grids and thin foils) using Cu‐constantan and Fe‐constantan thermocouples, respectively. Beam temperatures ranging from 20–80°C were determined for Cu grids. For Cu and Fe foils, beam temperatures ranging from 40–66°C were observed. Temperature gradients of 60–150°C were encountered in Cu and Fe foils between electron beam and hot stage. High temperature electron diffraction studies on the oxidation of Fe resulted in patterns to be indexed as γ‐Fe2O3 or Fe3O4. The dislocation velocity in Fe was determined to range from 10−4–10−5 cm/sec. The ratio of immobile to mobile dislocations in Fe was estimated to be 104:1 at ``room temperature.'' At temperatures of 500–700°C an immobile‐mobile dislocation ratio of 102:1 was calculated from electron microscopic observations for Fe.
ISSN:0034-6748
1089-7623
DOI:10.1063/1.1683268