Differences in risk factors among clinical types of oral candidiasis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study

• Published in: Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology and endodontics, 2002-01, Vol.93 (1), p.45-55
• Main Authors: MacPhail, Laurie A., Komaroff, Eugene, Alves, Mario E.A.F., Navazesh, Mahvash, Phelan, Joan A., Redford, Maryann
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Candidiasis, Oral - classification; Candidiasis, Oral - complications; Candidiasis, Oral - epidemiology; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cheilitis - complications; Cheilitis - epidemiology; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Utilization; Ent and stomatologic mycoses; Female; HIV Seropositivity - complications; HIV-1 - isolation & purification; Human mycoses; Human viral diseases; Humans; Infectious diseases; Longitudinal Studies; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Stomatitis, Denture - complications; Stomatitis, Denture - epidemiology; Substance-Related Disorders - complications; United States - epidemiology; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Viral Load; Women's Health
• ISSN: 1079-2104; 1528-395X
• DOI: 10.1067/moe.2002.120050

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and concurrence/associations of oral candidiasis types and multiple risk factors in women. Study Design: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data for 577 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–seropositive and 152 HIV-seronegative women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study was conducted. Pseudomembranous candidiasis (PC) and erythematous (EC) candidiasis, angular cheilitis (AC), and denture stomatitis (DS) were studied, and bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Results: Prevalences were 8% for PC, 7% for EC, 18% for DS, and 3% for AC; all except AC usually occurred alone. HIV seropositivity was associated with PC, EC, and DS, but not AC. Among HIV-seropositive women, low CD4 cell counts were associated with PC, but not with EC or DS. Heroin/methadone use was associated with PC and EC; salivary hypofunction was associated with PC; high viral load was associated with EC, and poor oral hygiene, with EC and DS. Conclusions: Risk factors varied among candidiasis types, suggesting differences in pathogenic mechanisms and usefulness as markers of HIV infection/progression. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;93:45-55)