Effect of milling energy on phase transformation of Ti-Ni powders during mechanical alloying

The effect of milling energy on the phase evolution of mechanically alloyed Ti-Ni powders is reported. Alloys were produced by low-energy and high-energy mechanical alloying (LEMA and HEMA, respectively). Powders milled for different times were characterised by X-ray diffraction and scanning electro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Canadian metallurgical quarterly 2023-07, Vol.62 (3), p.397-407
Main Authors: Hernández-Maya, Luis Gerardo, Zapata-Peñasco, Icoquih, Rivera-Olvera, Jesús Noé, Garibay-Febles, Vicente, Díaz-Barriga Arceo, Lucía Graciela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Mechanical alloying
microstructural analysis
phase transformation
powder metallurgy
thermodynamic analysis
Ti-Ni alloys
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Summary:The effect of milling energy on the phase evolution of mechanically alloyed Ti-Ni powders is reported. Alloys were produced by low-energy and high-energy mechanical alloying (LEMA and HEMA, respectively). Powders milled for different times were characterised by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The phase transformations of powders milled by LEMA and HEMA before amorphisation are presented. During LEMA, TiNi, TiNi 3 , Ti 3 Ni 4 , and Ti 2 Ni were formed at 50 and 100 h. At these times, the results were consistent with the Ti-Ni equilibrium phase diagram. Up to 7.27 wt% of TiNi with a crystallite size of 32.63 ± 0.01 nm appeared at 50-75 h. During HEMA, iron contamination inhibited the formation of the TiNi phase at short milling times, and up to 47.9% of Fe 0.2 Ni 4.8 Ti 5 was generated. These results indicate that amorphisation and heat treatment are not the only methods of promoting phase transformation in Ti-Ni alloys.
ISSN:0008-4433
1879-1395
DOI:10.1080/00084433.2022.2099724