CFD Simulation of Fuel Dispersion and Fireball Formation Associated with Aircraft Crash on NPP Structures

The accidental or intentional crash upon structures of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) by an aircraft cause the fuel spreading followed by a fireball formation. This fireball is large enough to engulf the entire NPP and radiates a large amount of heat. This engulfment may lead to a local rise in temperatu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Combustion science and technology 2020-08, Vol.192 (8), p.1520-1549
Main Authors: Shelke, Ashish V., Gera, Bhuvaneshwar, Maheshwari, Naresh K., Singh, Ram K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abbreviations
Aerodynamics
Aircraft
Aircraft accidents
Aircraft crash
Aircraft safety
Computational fluid dynamics
Computer simulation
Concrete structures
Containment
Convection
Diameters
Dispersion
droplet dispersion
Energy dissipation
Evolution
fireball
Fireballs
Fluid dynamics
Fluid flow
Heat
Heat release rate
Heat transfer
Hydrodynamics
NPP safety assessment
Nuclear electric power generation
Nuclear energy
Nuclear fuels
Nuclear power plants
Research facilities
Safety
Transportation safety
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Summary:The accidental or intentional crash upon structures of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) by an aircraft cause the fuel spreading followed by a fireball formation. This fireball is large enough to engulf the entire NPP and radiates a large amount of heat. This engulfment may lead to a local rise in temperature, which causes the spallation of concrete structure and fatalities to the human being. This may affect the integrity of NPP structures and has safety implications. The building structures influence the spatial evolution of fireball due to the generation of large turbulent structures, which further increases the local temperature. The evolution of fireball following fuel dispersion due to the aircraft crash upon an NPP is presented in this article. Numerical simulation to study the effect of fireball on the target NPP structure and its surrounding has been performed using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. This analysis is used to study the evolution of fireball and thermal hazard associated with the radiated heat. It is found that some parts of fireball energy go as heat input to containment and the remaining portion is dissipated to the atmosphere by convection and radiation. CCPS: Centre for Chemical Process Safety; CID: Controlled Impact Demonstration; CFD: Computation Fluid Dynamics; EDC: Eddy Dissipation Concept; FAA: Federal Aviation Administration; FDS: Fire Dynamic Simulator; FVDOM: Finite Volume Discrete Ordinate Method; GAMG: Geometric Algebraic Multi-Grid; HRR: Heat Release Rate; IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency; NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology; NPP: Nuclear Power Plant; NTSB: National Transport Safety Board; OpenFOAM: Open Field Operation And Manipulation; PBiCG: Preconditioned Bi-Conjugated Gradient; PISO: Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operator; SMD: Sauter Mean Diameter; TNO: The Netherlands Organization of applied scientific research; VTT: Technical Research Centre of Finland; WTC: World Trade Centre
ISSN:0010-2202
1563-521X
DOI:10.1080/00102202.2019.1612383