Growth and Yield of Local and Exotic White, Brown, and Black Mustard Lines Sown in the Spring Season in Turkey

• Published in: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2024-12, Vol.55 (22), p.3447-3456
• Main Authors: Kayacetin, Fatma, Aydin, Oguzhan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Brassica; Brassica juncea; Brassica nigra; Climatic conditions; Crop yield; Crude oil; Design standards; Flowering; Hybridization; morphology; Mustard; Oilseeds; phenology; Plant layout; Raw materials; Rosette; Seeds; Sinapis alba; Spring; Spring (season); Statistical analysis; yield; Yields
• ISSN: 0010-3624; 1532-2416; 1532-4133
• DOI: 10.1080/00103624.2024.2397551

Black, brown, and white mustards are important spice and oil crops cultivated worldwide. In this study, the effect of mustard lines in terms of growth and yield under spring sown conditions during 2 years (2020 and 2021) was investigated under semi-arid climatic conditions in Ankara, Turkey. Fifteen lines and one standard were used in this study. The experiment was carried out according to the randomized block trial design with four replications. The results demonstrated statistically significant lines × years interaction for plant height, number of branches, number of capsules, number of seeds, thousand-seed weight, seed yield and crude oil yield of black, brown, and white mustard lines. The days to emergence, 4-6 leaves rosette stages, 50% flowering, 50% encapsulation, and harvest varied according to species and years. The better production year was 2021, when the highest seed yield (3080 kg ha −1 ) and oil yield (612 kg ha −1 ) were determined from the Brassica juncea-Bj3 line, while the lower production year was 2020, when the lowest seed yield (572 kg ha −1 ) and oil yield (133 kg ha −1 ) were detected for the B. nigra-Bn5 line. The B. juncea-Bj3 line for crude oil yield (612 kg ha −1 ) and the Sinapis alba-Sa5 line for seed yield (2282 kg ha −1 ) appeared to be superior in performance compared to the other lines and standards. The lines can be further exploited for breeding programs through selection and hybridization. Considering the yield data of the lines, it was detected that the lines of Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba and Brassica nigra have an important potential as a raw material resource for different industries. The experimental results showed the agronomic potential of growing Brassica species under spring conditions. The yield characteristics of 15 Brassica lines were significantly affected by the environmental situation. The Brassica juncea-Bj3 and Sinapis alba-Sa2 lines were the superior lines and had a high potential for breeding new Brassica cultivars.