The mechanism of formation of bismuth-doped barium titanate ceramics via sol gel

In the present work, pure and bismuth-doped barium titanates have been prepared using the sol-gel method. The chemical formula used for the synthesis of bi-doped barium titanate is Ba 1 − x Bi x T i O 3 , where the values of x have been chosen to be 0.00, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.15. Barium acetate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ferroelectrics 2023-01, Vol.615 (1), p.386-395
Main Authors: Iqbal, Nabiya, Dixit, Anju, Dobal, Pramod S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Barium
Barium titanate
Barium titanates
Bismuth
Ceramics
Chemical synthesis
doping
DSC
sol-gel
Sol-gel processes
TGA
Thermodynamic properties
Titanium
tolerance factor
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Summary:In the present work, pure and bismuth-doped barium titanates have been prepared using the sol-gel method. The chemical formula used for the synthesis of bi-doped barium titanate is Ba 1 − x Bi x T i O 3 , where the values of x have been chosen to be 0.00, 0.05, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.15. Barium acetate [ Ba ( C H 3 C OO ) 2 ] and titanium (IV) isopropoxide [ Ti { OCH ( CH 3 ) 2 } 4 ] have been used as barium and titanium precursors, respectively. For bismuth doping, bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate [ Bi ( N O 3 ) 3 . 5 H 2 O ] has been used. The paper discusses the preparation mechanism, tolerance factor, and the thermal characterization (TGA/DSC) results of pure and bi-doped barium titanate ceramics.
ISSN:0015-0193
1563-5112
DOI:10.1080/00150193.2023.2262655