NONLINEAR EFFECTS OF GLUTAMATE AND KCl ON GLUTAMATE TOXICITY IN CULTURED RAT CEREBELLAR NEURONS

Nonlinear responses to toxin exposure have been observed in multiple cell types and organisms across a wide array of phyla. High dose toxin exposures inhibit or kill biological systems, while low dose exposures can stimulate survival mechanisms. We examined the effects of low (10-3, 10-5, 10-7, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of neuroscience 2003-04, Vol.113 (4), p.491-502
Main Authors: MAROTTA, DIANE, MARINI, ANN, BANAUDHA, KRISHNA, MAHARAJ, SUSAN V. M., JONAS, WAYNE B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis of Variance
Animals
Arnica
Cell Death - drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Cerebellum - cytology
Cerebellum - drug effects
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists - pharmacology
Glutamic Acid - administration & dosage
Glutamic Acid - toxicity
Neurons - drug effects
Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology
Nonlinear Dynamics
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Potassium Chloride - pharmacology
Random Allocation
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Summary:Nonlinear responses to toxin exposure have been observed in multiple cell types and organisms across a wide array of phyla. High dose toxin exposures inhibit or kill biological systems, while low dose exposures can stimulate survival mechanisms. We examined the effects of low (10-3, 10-5, 10-7, and 10-9M) and ultra-low (10-25 and 10-61M) KCl and glutamate pretreatment (72 h) against glutamate toxicity in rat cerebellar neurons. Ultra-low dilutions (10-31, 10-61, and 10-401) of an Arnica montana mother tincture were also investigated for their neuroprotective potentials. Viability was significantly enhanced in neurons pretreated with either 10-3M glutamate (10.6%) or 10-9M KCl (6.3%). None of the toxins evaluated displayed significant toxicity at the concentrations indicated. The protective effect of glutamate is likely mediated through activation of N-methyl-D- aspartate receptors, whereas low dose KCl might confer neuroprotection through enhanced alteration of Na+/K+ receptor dynamics. This is the first time high dose glutamate tolerance has been shown along with low dose KCl, and is consistent with previous reports demonstrating tolerance induced by low dose toxin exposure.
ISSN:0020-7454
1563-5279
1543-5245
DOI:10.1080/00207450390162245