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The use of a medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine combination to enable blood sampling in young pigs

AIM: To determine the suitability of a reversible, injectable anaesthetic combination including medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine to produce the degree of immobilisation required to allow blood sampling in young pigs. METHODS: Twenty 6-week-old crossbred, intact male pigs were sedated with an i...

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Published in:New Zealand veterinary journal 2005-08, Vol.53 (4), p.249-252
Main Authors: Ugarte, CE, O'Flaherty, K
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Language:English
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O'Flaherty, K
description AIM: To determine the suitability of a reversible, injectable anaesthetic combination including medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine to produce the degree of immobilisation required to allow blood sampling in young pigs. METHODS: Twenty 6-week-old crossbred, intact male pigs were sedated with an intramuscular (I/M) injection of 80 µ'g/kg medetomidine, 200 µ'g/kg butorphanol and 25 µ'g/kg atropine. Heart and respiratory rates and rectal temperatures were monitored. Excessive salivation, gagging, laryngeal reflex, presence of pedal reflex and deep and surface analgesia were noted. Time of injection and the time when pigs reached mild and full sedation were also recorded. RESULTS: Mild sedation was produced in 90% of pigs after 5.6 (SEM 0.96) min (n=18; median 5, range 2-16 min), and full sedation (lateral recumbency and loss of jaw tone) in 60% of pigs after 12.5 (SEM 2.14) min (n=12; median 10, range 5-28 min). The depth and duration of sedation were very variable and most animals were easily aroused. Ninety percent of the animals required the administration of halothane by mask to allow blood sampling, but the amount of halothane required was small. Heart and respiratory rates decreased (p
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METHODS: Twenty 6-week-old crossbred, intact male pigs were sedated with an intramuscular (I/M) injection of 80 µ'g/kg medetomidine, 200 µ'g/kg butorphanol and 25 µ'g/kg atropine. Heart and respiratory rates and rectal temperatures were monitored. Excessive salivation, gagging, laryngeal reflex, presence of pedal reflex and deep and surface analgesia were noted. Time of injection and the time when pigs reached mild and full sedation were also recorded. RESULTS: Mild sedation was produced in 90% of pigs after 5.6 (SEM 0.96) min (n=18; median 5, range 2-16 min), and full sedation (lateral recumbency and loss of jaw tone) in 60% of pigs after 12.5 (SEM 2.14) min (n=12; median 10, range 5-28 min). The depth and duration of sedation were very variable and most animals were easily aroused. Ninety percent of the animals required the administration of halothane by mask to allow blood sampling, but the amount of halothane required was small. Heart and respiratory rates decreased (p&lt;0.001) but remained within the normal range. Rectal temperature was above normal at the time of sedation and at the time of blood sampling when the ambient temperature was 29° C but not when the ambient temperature was reduced to 25°C. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine at these doses produced sedation of variable depth and duration that was insufficient on its own to allow blood sampling in the majority of pigs. Hyperthermia can occur in temperature-controlled environments when using medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine in pigs. 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METHODS: Twenty 6-week-old crossbred, intact male pigs were sedated with an intramuscular (I/M) injection of 80 µ'g/kg medetomidine, 200 µ'g/kg butorphanol and 25 µ'g/kg atropine. Heart and respiratory rates and rectal temperatures were monitored. Excessive salivation, gagging, laryngeal reflex, presence of pedal reflex and deep and surface analgesia were noted. Time of injection and the time when pigs reached mild and full sedation were also recorded. RESULTS: Mild sedation was produced in 90% of pigs after 5.6 (SEM 0.96) min (n=18; median 5, range 2-16 min), and full sedation (lateral recumbency and loss of jaw tone) in 60% of pigs after 12.5 (SEM 2.14) min (n=12; median 10, range 5-28 min). The depth and duration of sedation were very variable and most animals were easily aroused. Ninety percent of the animals required the administration of halothane by mask to allow blood sampling, but the amount of halothane required was small. Heart and respiratory rates decreased (p&lt;0.001) but remained within the normal range. Rectal temperature was above normal at the time of sedation and at the time of blood sampling when the ambient temperature was 29° C but not when the ambient temperature was reduced to 25°C. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine at these doses produced sedation of variable depth and duration that was insufficient on its own to allow blood sampling in the majority of pigs. Hyperthermia can occur in temperature-controlled environments when using medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine in pigs. Reduction of stress and a quieter environment may improve the effects of the anaesthetic combination.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Anaesthesia</subject><subject>Anesthesia - veterinary</subject><subject>Anesthetics, Combined - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn</subject><subject>Atropine - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Blood Specimen Collection - methods</subject><subject>Blood Specimen Collection - veterinary</subject><subject>butorphanol</subject><subject>Butorphanol - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Injections, Intramuscular - veterinary</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>medetomidine</subject><subject>Medetomidine - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>pigs</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Swine - blood</subject><subject>Swine - physiology</subject><subject>Veterinary medicine</subject><issn>0048-0169</issn><issn>1176-0710</issn><issn>1176-0710</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEuLFDEURoMoTs_oLxAkILiy2pvKo6o2ggy-YMDNuA55zkRSSZlUMba_3rTd4s5Fci_k3O-Gg9ALAnsCI7wFYCMQMe17AL6ngnP2CO0IGUQHA4HHaHckuiNygS5r_Q5AOaHiKbogAhgjI98hf3vv8FYdzh4rPDvr1jwHG5J7g_W25rLcq5QjVslitZa8tBds8qxDUmvICa8Zu6R0dFjHnC2ual5iSHc4JHzIW2uWcFefoSdexeqen-sV-vbxw-315-7m66cv1-9vOsN4v3Z6AOKMUODZpJUWnrqJOzMCI9qPHHoP7fjRDQDW9EoPllI9OM2AUAuGXqHXp9yl5B-bq6ucQzUuRpVc3qoUIwwjn3gD6Qk0JddanJdLCbMqB0lAHvXKv3rlUa_8o7dNvTzHb7q5-jdz9tmAVycgxfRLhmTdz1antpDRfqQC2jU06t2JCsnnMquHXKKVqzrEXHxRyYQq6f_-8RsRMJTO</recordid><startdate>20050801</startdate><enddate>20050801</enddate><creator>Ugarte, CE</creator><creator>O'Flaherty, K</creator><general>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</general><scope>DUNLO</scope><scope>GOM</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050801</creationdate><title>The use of a medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine combination to enable blood sampling in young pigs</title><author>Ugarte, CE ; O'Flaherty, K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-b701ec6a0f49bab6f3e95ec8041bf8502f002ff8e700dc2ab7d33b7eb4013d0c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Anaesthesia</topic><topic>Anesthesia - veterinary</topic><topic>Anesthetics, Combined - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Newborn</topic><topic>Atropine - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Blood Specimen Collection - methods</topic><topic>Blood Specimen Collection - veterinary</topic><topic>butorphanol</topic><topic>Butorphanol - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Injections, Intramuscular - veterinary</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>medetomidine</topic><topic>Medetomidine - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>pigs</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Swine - blood</topic><topic>Swine - physiology</topic><topic>Veterinary medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ugarte, CE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Flaherty, K</creatorcontrib><collection>Index New Zealand (A&amp;I)</collection><collection>Index New Zealand</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>New Zealand veterinary journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ugarte, CE</au><au>O'Flaherty, K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The use of a medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine combination to enable blood sampling in young pigs</atitle><jtitle>New Zealand veterinary journal</jtitle><addtitle>N Z Vet J</addtitle><date>2005-08-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>249</spage><epage>252</epage><pages>249-252</pages><issn>0048-0169</issn><issn>1176-0710</issn><eissn>1176-0710</eissn><abstract>AIM: To determine the suitability of a reversible, injectable anaesthetic combination including medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine to produce the degree of immobilisation required to allow blood sampling in young pigs. METHODS: Twenty 6-week-old crossbred, intact male pigs were sedated with an intramuscular (I/M) injection of 80 µ'g/kg medetomidine, 200 µ'g/kg butorphanol and 25 µ'g/kg atropine. Heart and respiratory rates and rectal temperatures were monitored. Excessive salivation, gagging, laryngeal reflex, presence of pedal reflex and deep and surface analgesia were noted. Time of injection and the time when pigs reached mild and full sedation were also recorded. RESULTS: Mild sedation was produced in 90% of pigs after 5.6 (SEM 0.96) min (n=18; median 5, range 2-16 min), and full sedation (lateral recumbency and loss of jaw tone) in 60% of pigs after 12.5 (SEM 2.14) min (n=12; median 10, range 5-28 min). The depth and duration of sedation were very variable and most animals were easily aroused. Ninety percent of the animals required the administration of halothane by mask to allow blood sampling, but the amount of halothane required was small. Heart and respiratory rates decreased (p&lt;0.001) but remained within the normal range. Rectal temperature was above normal at the time of sedation and at the time of blood sampling when the ambient temperature was 29° C but not when the ambient temperature was reduced to 25°C. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine at these doses produced sedation of variable depth and duration that was insufficient on its own to allow blood sampling in the majority of pigs. Hyperthermia can occur in temperature-controlled environments when using medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine in pigs. Reduction of stress and a quieter environment may improve the effects of the anaesthetic combination.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor &amp; Francis Group</pub><pmid>16044185</pmid><doi>10.1080/00480169.2005.36554</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 0048-0169
ispartof New Zealand veterinary journal, 2005-08, Vol.53 (4), p.249-252
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1176-0710
language eng
recordid cdi_crossref_primary_10_1080_00480169_2005_36554
source Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection
subjects Agriculture
Anaesthesia
Anesthesia - veterinary
Anesthetics, Combined - administration & dosage
Animals
Animals, Newborn
Atropine - administration & dosage
Blood Specimen Collection - methods
Blood Specimen Collection - veterinary
butorphanol
Butorphanol - administration & dosage
Injections, Intramuscular - veterinary
Male
medetomidine
Medetomidine - administration & dosage
pigs
Swine
Swine - blood
Swine - physiology
Veterinary medicine
title The use of a medetomidine, butorphanol and atropine combination to enable blood sampling in young pigs
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