A virtual reality photography application to assess spatial memory

• Published in: Behaviour & information technology 2023-04, Vol.42 (6), p.686-699
• Main Authors: Juan, M.-Carmen, Estevan, Miguel, Mendez-Lopez, Magdalena, Fidalgo, Camino, Lluch, Javier, Vivo, Roberto
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 360° photograph; Applications programs; cinematic virtual reality; Memory tasks; Oculus Quest; Panoramic photography; Photography; Recall; Spatial analysis; spatial memory; User satisfaction; Virtual reality; Virtual reality photography
• ISSN: 0144-929X; 1362-3001
• DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2022.2039770

In this paper, the first virtual reality (VR) photography application that incorporates elements on panoramic images to assess short-term spatial memory is presented. It also allows the interaction with these elements. A study was conducted (N = 50) to compare participants' performance outcomes and subjective experience when using a VR application with and without panoramic photography. The results show that both applications are effective in assessing short-term spatial memory. The results with panoramic photography include: 1) It was effective for short-term recall since, after using the application, the participants were able to verbally recall the objects and place them without significant differences with respect to the objects correctly placed; 2) The performance outcomes were independent of age and gender; 3) The perceived level of presence was directly related to experiencing less cybersickness when using the application; 4) The level of satisfaction was directly related to perceived enjoyment, concentration, usability, competence, calmness, and expertise; 5) The more the familiarity with VR applications, the less the perceived cybersickness. Finally, the application offers two main advantages: 1) The evaluators can customize the environment by adding as many elements as desired to the panoramic photograph; 2) It could be especially suitable for groups with reduced mobility.