Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Betanin Against U87MG Human Glioma Cells and Normal Human Lymphocytes and Its Anticancer Potential Through Mitochondrial Pathway

Recent studies revealed an antioxidant activity and anticancer efficiency of betanin. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and the possible mechanisms of betanin-induced apoptosis against U87MG human glioma cells and compared the results to those of human normal lymphocytes. MTT assa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrition and cancer 2021, Vol.73 (3), p.450-459
Main Authors: Salimi, Ahmad, Bahiraei, Tannaz, Ahdeno, Sana, Vatanpour, Saba, Pourahmad, Jalal
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticancer properties
Antioxidants
Apoptosis
Assaying
Cancer
Caspase-3
Cell activation
Cytochrome
Cytochrome c
Cytochromes
Cytotoxicity
Glioma
Glioma cells
Lymphocytes
Membrane potential
Mitochondria
Reactive oxygen species
Swelling
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Summary:Recent studies revealed an antioxidant activity and anticancer efficiency of betanin. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and the possible mechanisms of betanin-induced apoptosis against U87MG human glioma cells and compared the results to those of human normal lymphocytes. MTT assay, caspase-3 activation assays in cells and succinate dehydrogenases (SDH), mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cytochrome C release assays in isolated mitochondria were obtained from U87MG human glioma cells and noncancerous human lymphocytes The results illustrated the significant cytotoxic effect of betanin on U87MG human glioma cells, with a concentration value that inhibits 50% of the cell growth of 7 µg/ml after 12 h of treatment. MTT assay demonstrated that the betanin is selectively toxic to U87MG human glioma cells, and betanin induced cell apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 along with modulation of apoptosis-related mitochondria. Meanwhile, betanin selectively increased ROS formation, mitochondria swelling, MMP decrease, and cytochrome c release in cancerous mitochondria but in normal mitochondria. Based on the evidence obtained from this study, it is concluded that the betanin is a promising natural compound to fight U87MG human glioma cells via induction of apoptosis through activation of intrinsic pathways.
ISSN:0163-5581
1532-7914
DOI:10.1080/01635581.2020.1764068