Calcium fertilization on the Phalaenopsis ssp. cultivation (Orchidaceae)

• Published in: Journal of plant nutrition 2024-12, Vol.47 (20), p.3860-3867
• Main Authors: Cito Alves, Guilherme Augusto, Hoshino, Rodrigo Thibes, Perdigão Tejo, Débora, Junior, Sérgio Pedro, Jun Takane, Roberto, Faria, Ricardo Tadeu de
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Area; Calcium; calcium deficiency; Calcium influx; Cultivation; Electrical conductivity; Electrical resistivity; Fertilization; floriculture; Flowers; Leaf area; leaf dry mass; leaf length; leaf texture; Leaves; nitrogen; Nutrient concentrations; Nutrient deficiency; nutrient management; nutrient solutions; Nutrient uptake; orchids; Phalaenopsis; phosphorus; Plant layout; plant nutrition; Plants (botany); Propagation; Quality control; Seedlings; Texture; Visual effects; Visual observation
• ISSN: 0190-4167; 1532-4087; 1532-4087
• DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2024.2387142

The cultivation efficiency and quality improvement of Phalaenopsis sp. production through mineral nutrition has been widely studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of calcium (Ca) in the nutrient solution on the growth, nutrient uptake, and overall health of Phalaenopsis sp. Seedlings obtained from in vitro propagation at 6 months of age were fed biweekly with a nutrient solution suggested by Hoagland and Arnon with modified Ca concentrations of 0 mM, 1.25 mM, 2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, and 10 mM. After 24 months, characteristics such as number of leaves, width and length of the largest leaf, total leaf area, dry mass of leaves and roots, leaf texture, and number and dry mass of flowers were evaluated. Macronutrient content was determined from leaf dry mass. Substrate pH and electrical conductivity were also measured. Increasing Ca concentrations up to 6.25 mM improved leaf length, total leaf area, number of flowers and flower dry mass. Leaf texture and electrical conductivity of the substrate increased up to a Ca concentration of about 2.5 mM. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents increased with higher Ca concentrations. Optimal Ca fertilization at 6.25 mM had positive effects on both vegetative and reproductive growth, with no visual symptoms of Ca deficiency observed during vegetative development. These results emphasize the importance of precise and tailored nutrient management, not only to avoid hidden deficiencies, but also to maximize the quality and commercial value of Phalaenopsis sp. plants.