Parliamentary motions under a semi-authoritarian regime: evidence from Malaysia

• Published in: Parliaments, estates & representation estates & representation, 2023-05, Vol.43 (2), p.127-148
• Main Authors: Azlan, Ariff Aizuddin, Nadzri, Muhamad M. N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Barisan Nasional; dominant-party system; Malaysia; parliamentary motions; politics in Southeast Asia; semi-authoritarianism
• ISSN: 0260-6755; 1947-248X
• DOI: 10.1080/02606755.2022.2148505

The proliferation of regime types in the post-Cold War era suggests that the foundation of authoritarianism is highly embedded within the power structure of the ruling elites. In the context of Malaysian politics, the dominant parties constitute the exclusive power bank that projects its desired mechanism of control over the institutions within the political structure. Theoretically, the existence of a parliament signifies the presence of institutionalized democratic procedures, albeit to a varying degree, in a political system. In reality, however, parliaments under semi-authoritarian regimes simply serve the interests of the power holders. Dominant parties strategically exercise their authority to maintain control over the authoritarian regime under the guise of parliamentary democracy. Drawing from Marina Ottaway's framework on semi-authoritarianism, this article offers two major arguments. First, the parliamentary motion is an integral feature that contours Malaysia's semi-authoritarian regime, which palpably had led to weak institutionalization. Secondly, strategic semi-authoritarian responses to key issues raised by the opposition have proved to be a success in restricting and subverting opposition-led mobilizations and their extra-parliamentary behaviour, thus further consolidating the semi-authoritarian structure.