Comparing inequality in adolescents' reading achievement across 37 countries and over time: outcomes versus opportunities

This paper assesses two approaches to the measurement of educational inequality in international comparisons between countries and over time. We analyse reading literacy performance of 15-year-old students using data from PISA 2009 and 2015 for 37 EU and OECD countries. We show that inequality of ou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Compare 2021-05, Vol.51 (4), p.495-511
Main Authors: Gromada, Anna, Rees, Gwyther, Chzhen, Yekaterina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Academic achievement
Achievement Tests
Adolescents
Comparative Education
educational achievement
Educational Change
Educational inequality
Equal Education
Equal opportunity
Foreign Countries
Inequality
Inequality of opportunity
inequality of outcome
Institutional Characteristics
International Assessment
International comparisons
Outcomes of Education
PISA
reading
Reading Achievement
Reading comprehension
Reading instruction
Secondary School Students
Socioeconomic Status
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Summary:This paper assesses two approaches to the measurement of educational inequality in international comparisons between countries and over time. We analyse reading literacy performance of 15-year-old students using data from PISA 2009 and 2015 for 37 EU and OECD countries. We show that inequality of outcome and inequality of opportunity do not necessarily co-vary; they can go in opposite directions both across countries and over time. Our results suggest that indicators of variation in educational outcomes are more suitable to the types of problems that affect international comparisons of educational achievement than the more common approach of measuring of inequality of opportunity.
ISSN:0305-7925
1469-3623
DOI:10.1080/03057925.2019.1640597