Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diverse agricultural soils of central India: occurrence, sources, and potential risks

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds found ubiquitously in the environment and pose serious threat to the environment and humans. PAHs have received considerable attention due to their carcinogenic properties. In this study, the 16 EPA priority PAHs were determine...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2024-12, Vol.104 (17), p.5408-5422
Main Authors: Yadav, Dinesh Kumar, Kumar, Asirvatham Ramesh, Jayaraman, Somasundaram, Lenka, Sangeeta, Gurjar, Suyog, Sarkar, Abhijit, Saha, Jayanta Kumar, Patra, Ashok Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural conservation
agricultural conservation practice
Agricultural land
agricultural soils
analytical chemistry
Aromatic compounds
biomass
Biomass burning
carcinogenicity
Carcinogens
class
coal
Combustion
Crop residues
diagnostic ratio
Fly ash
grasses
Hardwoods
Health risks
Horticulture
India
Land conservation
Land use
Organic carbon
Organic compounds
Organic farming
Organic soils
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
risk
Sewage
Soil
Soil conservation
Soil contamination
soil organic carbon
Soil pollution
Soil properties
Soil surfaces
Soil treatment
toxicity equivalents
wood
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Summary:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds found ubiquitously in the environment and pose serious threat to the environment and humans. PAHs have received considerable attention due to their carcinogenic properties. In this study, the 16 EPA priority PAHs were determined in agricultural surface soils (0-5 cm) from diverse agricultural land use systems in central India. ∑ 16 PAHs of different agricultural soil samples ranged from ND-122.52 µg/kg. Total concentration of 7 carcinogenic PAHs ranged between ND and 101.64 µg/kg. The levels of PAHs in different agricultural soil samples varied widely. In general, we observed that ∑ 16 PAHs concentrations in agricultural soils have followed the order: sewage irrigated soil ≥ fly ash treated agricultural soil samples > horticulture land use soil > conservation agriculture soil > organic farming soil. PAH levels in fly ash-treated soils were 2-5 times higher than that in sewage-irrigated soils. PAHs containing four to five rings were the most common. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was positively correlated with ∑ 16 PAHs (p 
ISSN:0306-7319
1029-0397
1029-0397
DOI:10.1080/03067319.2022.2125307