Clinical expression, epidemiology, and monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae: an update

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are of clinical and economic importance for the global poultry industry. Many countries and integrations are involved in monitoring programmes to control both mycoplasma species. This review provides an extensive historic overview of the las...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Avian pathology 2022-01, Vol.51 (1), p.2-18
Main Authors: Feberwee, Anneke, de Wit, Sjaak, Dijkman, Remco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Chickens
epidemiology
expression
monitoring
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma gallisepticum - genetics
Mycoplasma Infections - epidemiology
Mycoplasma Infections - prevention & control
Mycoplasma Infections - veterinary
Mycoplasma synoviae
Mycoplasma synoviae - genetics
Poultry
Poultry Diseases - diagnosis
Poultry Diseases - epidemiology
Poultry Diseases - prevention & control
review
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Summary:Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) are of clinical and economic importance for the global poultry industry. Many countries and integrations are involved in monitoring programmes to control both mycoplasma species. This review provides an extensive historic overview of the last seven decades on the development of the knowledge regarding the factors that influence the clinical expression of the disease, the epidemiology, and monitoring of both MG and MS. This includes the detection of new virulent strains, studies unravelling the transmission routes, survival characteristics, and the role of other avian hosts. Also the role of molecular typing tests in unravelling epidemiology and factors that complicate the interpretation of test results is discussed. The latter includes the presence of heterologous mycoplasma infections, the use of heterologous oil-emulsion vaccines, and the use of antibiotic treatments. Also the occurrence of MG and MS strains with low virulence and the use of live and/or inactivated MS and MS vaccines are discussed.
ISSN:0307-9457
1465-3338
DOI:10.1080/03079457.2021.1944605