Reduction of nitrogen excretion and emission in poultry: A review for organic poultry

Organic poultry is an alternative to conventional poultry which is rapidly developing as a response to customers' demand for better food and a cleaner environment. Although organic poultry manure can partially be utilized by organic horticultural producers, litter accumulation as well as excess...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental science and health. Part B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 2016-04, Vol.51 (4), p.230-235
Main Authors: Chalova, Vesela I., Kim, Jihyuk, Patterson, Paul H., Ricke, Steven C., Kim, Woo K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Feed
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology
Animals
Dietary Supplements
Emissions
Manure
Methionine - pharmacology
Microbial protein
Natural & organic foods
Nitrogen
Nitrogen - metabolism
nitrogen excretion
Organic Agriculture - methods
organic Poultry
Poultry - metabolism
Poultry - physiology
Proteins
unconventional protein sources
Vegetable Proteins - administration & dosage
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Summary:Organic poultry is an alternative to conventional poultry which is rapidly developing as a response to customers' demand for better food and a cleaner environment. Although organic poultry manure can partially be utilized by organic horticultural producers, litter accumulation as well as excessive nitrogen still remains a challenge to maintain environment pureness, animal, and human health. Compared to conventional poultry, diet formulation without nitrogen overloading in organic poultry is even more complicated due to specific standards and regulations which limit the application of some supplements and imposes specific criteria to the ingredients in use. This is especially valid for methionine provision which supplementation as a crystalline form is only temporarily allowed. This review is focused on the utilization of various protein sources in the preparation of a diet composed of 100% organic ingredients which meet the avian physiology need for methionine, while avoiding protein overload. The potential to use unconventional protein sources such as invertebrates and microbial proteins to achieve optimal amino acid provision is also discussed.
ISSN:0360-1234
1532-4109
DOI:10.1080/03601234.2015.1120616