Reversible effect of potassium sorbate on Balanus amphitrite larvae. Potential use as antifoulant

Marine biofouling constitutes a major worldwide technical and economic problem. International regulations concerning the protection of both the environment and industrial workers have prompted paint manufacturers and end users to look for suitable replacements for traditional antifouling (AF) pigmen...

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Published in:Biofouling (Chur, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2009-01, Vol.25 (6), p.573-580
Main Authors: Blustein, Guillermo, Pérez, Miriam, García, Mónica, Stupak, Mirta, Cerruti, Claudio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
antifouling
Balanus amphitrite larvae
Biological Assay
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Larva - drug effects
Marine Biology
Molecular Structure
Oceans and Seas
Paint
potassium sorbate
reversible effect
Seawater
Ships
Sorbic Acid - chemistry
Sorbic Acid - pharmacology
Structure-Activity Relationship
Swimming
Thoracica - drug effects
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Summary:Marine biofouling constitutes a major worldwide technical and economic problem. International regulations concerning the protection of both the environment and industrial workers have prompted paint manufacturers and end users to look for suitable replacements for traditional antifouling (AF) pigments. For this reason, the potential AF activity of potassium sorbate (KS) on nauplii and cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was tested in laboratory and field trials. Larval bioassays demonstrated a marked inhibitory and reversible effect. The values obtained for EC 50 and LC 50 were 9.91 mM and 36.73 mM, respectively, and the therapeutic ratio was 3.71, indicating that KS acts via a non-toxic mechanism. After 60 days in the sea, a varnish coating incorporating KS showed a substantial decrease in micro- and macrofouling density and diversity. This investigation indicated that KS is a promising AF agent for replacing the traditional toxic compounds.
ISSN:0892-7014
1029-2454
DOI:10.1080/08927010902995572