Bentonite toxicology and epidemiology - a review

Bentonite, a clay with numerous industrial and consumer applications, is mined and processed in many countries of the world. Its many beneficial uses also create the potential for widespread occupational and consumer exposure. The available studies on toxicity and epidemiology indicate that the prin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Inhalation toxicology 2016-11, Vol.28 (13), p.591-617
Main Authors: Maxim, L. Daniel, Niebo, Ron, McConnell, Ernest E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
applications
Bentonite
Bentonite - chemistry
Bentonite - toxicity
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Pollutants - chemistry
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
epidemiology
Fuller's Earth
Humans
Metallurgy
Mining
montmorillonite
Occupational Diseases - chemically induced
Occupational Diseases - epidemiology
occupational exposure
processing
toxicity
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Summary:Bentonite, a clay with numerous industrial and consumer applications, is mined and processed in many countries of the world. Its many beneficial uses also create the potential for widespread occupational and consumer exposure. The available studies on toxicity and epidemiology indicate that the principal exposure pathway of concern is inhalation of respirable dust by occupationally exposed cohorts. Bentonite itself is probably not more toxic than any other particulate not otherwise regulated and is not classified as a carcinogen by any regulatory or advisory body, but some bentonite may contain variable amounts of respirable crystalline silica, a recognized human carcinogen. Therefore, prudent management and adherence to occupational exposure limits is appropriate. This review summarizes the literature available on production, applications, exposure, toxicity, and epidemiology of bentonite and identifies data gaps and limitations.
ISSN:0895-8378
1091-7691
DOI:10.1080/08958378.2016.1240727