The effect of carbon dioxide emission, GDP per capita and urban population on health expenditure in OECD countries: a panel ARDL approach

The dramatic growth in health expenditures is an important health policy concern worldwide. Therefore, understanding the factors that increase health expenditures provides policy makers with evidence for decision-making. We aim to examine long-term effects of carbon dioxide emission, urbanization ra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental health research 2023-12, Vol.33 (12), p.1233-1242
Main Authors: Kutlu, Gamze, Örün, Emre
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
C230
Carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide - analysis
Carbon dioxide emissions
Decision making
economic growth
Emission analysis
environmental degradation
Environmental Pollution
Expenditures
health data
Health Expenditures
Health policy
Humans
I100
I150
I180
Long-term effects
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development
panel data
Public health
Q530
Urban Population
Urban populations
Urbanization
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Summary:The dramatic growth in health expenditures is an important health policy concern worldwide. Therefore, understanding the factors that increase health expenditures provides policy makers with evidence for decision-making. We aim to examine long-term effects of carbon dioxide emission, urbanization rate and GDP per capita on health expenditures. This study investigates the effect of carbon dioxide emission, urban population, and GDP per capita on health expenditure for 21 OECD countries over the period 1992-2018. Panel ARDL Approach and Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund Panel Co-integration Test have been used in the article. Test results indicate the long-run relationship among health expenditure and carbon dioxide emission, urban population, and GDP per capita. Effect of carbon dioxide emission (CO 2 ), urban population, and GDP per capita is significant and positive on health expenditure. Rapid economic growths of OECD countries recently and environmental pollution have increased health expenditures in the long term.
ISSN:0960-3123
1369-1619
DOI:10.1080/09603123.2022.2083088