Acute stress reduces reward-related neural activity: Evidence from the reward positivity

• Published in: Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Netherlands), 2021-11, Vol.24 (6), p.833-839
• Main Authors: Burani, Kreshnik, Gallyer, Austin, Ryan, Jon, Jordan, Carson, Joiner, Thomas, Hajcak, Greg
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acute stress; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnostic imaging; EEG; Electroencephalography; ERPs; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Reward; reward positivity; Reward processing; Stress, Psychological - diagnostic imaging
• ISSN: 1025-3890; 1607-8888
• DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1929164

Stress and blunted reward processing are risk factors for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The experience of acute stress reduces fMRI correlates of reward-related neural activity; however, few studies have examined how acute stress impacts measures of reward derived from event-related potentials (ERPs). The current study examined the impact of an acute stressor on the Reward Positivity (RewP), an ERP that indexes reward sensitivity, in twenty-six college students. Participants completed a monetary reward task while they placed their left hand in cold water set at 13 °C (i.e. acute stress condition) and again while their hand was placed in room temperature water (i.e. control condition). These conditions were separated by one week and performed in a counter-balanced order across participants. The results revealed that the RewP amplitude was blunted in the acute stress condition compared to the control condition. Moreover, there was a trend toward this effect interacting with self-reported depressive symptoms: the RewP was reduced only among individuals who reported low depressive symptoms. The current study suggests that an acute stressor reduces the RewP, and that this effect might be moderated by current depressive symptoms. Future studies might examine the temporal association between reward processing and stress, and how they interact to predict depressive symptoms. LAY SUMMARY The current study examined the impact of acute stress on the brain's reward system. The results indicated that acute stress reduced activity within the brain's reward system, particularly among individuals with low depressive symptoms.