The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway in fungi

While fungi are widely occupying nature, many species are responsible for devastating mycosis in humans. Such niche diversity explains how quick fungal adaptation is necessary to endow the capacity of withstanding fluctuating environments and to cope with host-imposed conditions. Among all the molec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in microbiology 2022-11, Vol.48 (6), p.657-695
Main Authors: Yaakoub, Hajar, Sanchez, Norma Silvia, Ongay-Larios, Laura, Courdavault, Vincent, Calenda, Alphonse, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Coria, Roberto, Papon, Nicolas
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Fungi
Life Sciences
phosphorylation
signalling pathway
stress adaptation
two-component system
virulence
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Summary:While fungi are widely occupying nature, many species are responsible for devastating mycosis in humans. Such niche diversity explains how quick fungal adaptation is necessary to endow the capacity of withstanding fluctuating environments and to cope with host-imposed conditions. Among all the molecular mechanisms evolved by fungi, the most studied one is the activation of the phosphorelay signalling pathways, of which the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway constitutes one of the key molecular apparatus underpinning fungal adaptation and virulence. In this review, we summarize the seminal knowledge of the HOG pathway with its more recent developments. We specifically described the HOG-mediated stress adaptation, with a particular focus on osmotic and oxidative stress, and point out some lags in our understanding of its involvement in the virulence of pathogenic species including, the medically important fungi Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, compared to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, we also highlighted some possible applications of the HOG pathway modifications to improve the fungal-based production of natural products in the industry.
ISSN:1040-841X
1549-7828
DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2021.2011834