Looking Back on Cocaine Dependence: Reasons for Recovery

Factors that contributed to long-term recovery from cocaine dependence were examined as part of a 5-year national follow-up study of 708 patients from 45 treatment programs in eight U.S. cities. Outcomes from 33% of the sample were highly favorable at follow-up, including no drugs detected in urine...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal on addictions 2003-10, Vol.12 (5), p.398-411
Main Authors: Flynn, Patrick M., Joe, George W., Broome, Kirk M., Simpson, D. Dwayne, Brown, Barry S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Ambulatory Care - statistics & numerical data
Cocaine-Related Disorders - epidemiology
Cocaine-Related Disorders - psychology
Cocaine-Related Disorders - rehabilitation
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Goals
Humans
Internal-External Control
Length of Stay - statistics & numerical data
Male
Methadone - therapeutic use
Motivation
Narcotics - therapeutic use
Patient Compliance - psychology
Self Concept
Self-Help Groups
Social Support
Substance Abuse Detection - statistics & numerical data
Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
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Summary:Factors that contributed to long-term recovery from cocaine dependence were examined as part of a 5-year national follow-up study of 708 patients from 45 treatment programs in eight U.S. cities. Outcomes from 33% of the sample were highly favorable at follow-up, including no drugs detected in urine or hair specimens, no self-reported use of any drugs, less than daily alcohol use, and no illegal activity or arrests during the past year. Major reasons cited for these improvements were motivations to change, positive influences of family, strength from religion and spirituality, and help from drug treatment. "Recovery" was viewed as a continuous process and one that benefits from lessons learned in treatment. These retrospective attributions affirm many of the same findings from prospective outcome studies and contribute to a conceptual framework for treatment process and recovery. (Am J Addict 2003;12:398-411)
ISSN:1055-0496
1521-0391
DOI:10.1080/10550490390240774