Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Critical Review

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications in consumer electronics and electric vehicles are rapidly growing, resulting in boosting resources demand, including cobalt and lithium. So recycling of batteries will be a necessity, not only to decline the consumption of energy, but also to relieve the shorta...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in environmental science and technology 2014-05, Vol.44 (10), p.1129-1165
Main Authors: Zeng, Xianlai, Li, Jinhui, Singh, Narendra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Batteries
Consumer electronics
Electric batteries
Electric contacts
Electric vehicles
Electronic waste
Hazardous materials
Lithium
Lithium-ion batteries
lithium-ion battery
Pollution abatement
problems
prospect
Recycling
Shortages
waste
Waste disposal
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Summary:Lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications in consumer electronics and electric vehicles are rapidly growing, resulting in boosting resources demand, including cobalt and lithium. So recycling of batteries will be a necessity, not only to decline the consumption of energy, but also to relieve the shortage of rare resources and eliminate the pollution of hazardous components, toward sustainable industries related to consumer electronics and electric vehicles. The authors review the current status of the recycling processes of spent LIBs, introduce the structure and components of the batteries, and summarize all available single contacts in batch mode operation, including pretreatment, secondary treatment, and deep recovery. Additionally, many problems and prospect of the current recycling processes will be presented and analyzed. It is hoped that this effort would stimulate further interest in spent LIBs recycling and in the appreciation of its benefits.
ISSN:1064-3389
1547-6537
DOI:10.1080/10643389.2013.763578