The Argentella scandal: why French officials did not make Corsica a nuclear test site in 1960

• Published in: The Nonproliferation review 2022-12, Vol.29 (1-3), p.3-25
• Main Author: Cooper, Austin R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: anti-nuclear activism; Arms control & disarmament; Charles de Gaulle; Corsica; decision making; Demonstrations & protests; Explosions; French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA); Intelligence gathering; Nuclear tests; Surveillance; underground nuclear-weapons testing
• ISSN: 1073-6700; 1746-1766
• DOI: 10.1080/10736700.2023.2187529

Top French officials made plans in early 1960 to transform an abandoned silver mine in Corsica, called the Argentella Massif, into an underground site for nuclear explosions. By June 1960, they had canceled these plans. This article shows how a mass movement on the Mediterranean island forced their hand, and it explains why Corsicans of diverse political affiliations took to the streets. The Argentella project-and the health, environmental, and strategic risks that it entailed-looked in Corsica like evidence that Paris saw the islanders as second-class citizens, even residents of an internal colony. French police intelligence, which maintained surveillance on the Corsican anti-nuclear movement, feared that this movement might have drawn inspiration from the contemporaneous struggle for national liberation in Algeria, where French nuclear explosions began. The Argentella protests illustrated national disagreements about French nuclear ambitions that previous scholarship, proposing official consensus, has minimized. They show how, in a nuclear-armed democracy, local officials, political activists, and ordinary citizens can shape nuclear-weapons policy. But Corsican anti-nuclear action in 1960 did not demand disarmament. These protests also illuminate a longer trajectory in French nuclear history, which involved atmospheric explosions in colonized territories in Algeria and Polynesia until the 1970s, despite local and international resistance.