Substrate selection by class III adenylyl cyclases and guanylyl cyclases

The second messengers cAMP and cGMP are of central importance in signal transduction pathways. To assure pathway specificity adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases are highly selective for their substrates, ATP and GTP, respectively. The universal class III cyclases are equipped with a variety of purine‐bin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IUBMB life 2005-12, Vol.57 (12), p.797-803
Main Author: Linder, Jürgen U.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl Cyclases - chemistry
Adenylyl Cyclases - metabolism
Animals
Bacteria
cAMP
cGMP
Eukaryota
Guanosine Triphosphate - metabolism
Guanylate Cyclase - chemistry
Guanylate Cyclase - metabolism
guanylyl cyclase
Hydrogen Bonding
Isoenzymes - chemistry
Isoenzymes - metabolism
Mammals
Protein Binding
Purines - metabolism
Signal Transduction - genetics
substrate selection
Substrate Specificity
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Summary:The second messengers cAMP and cGMP are of central importance in signal transduction pathways. To assure pathway specificity adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases are highly selective for their substrates, ATP and GTP, respectively. The universal class III cyclases are equipped with a variety of purine‐binding modes, which have been identified by structure determination and mutagenesis. Most selection mechanisms rely on a pair of residues which form hydrogen bonds to N1 and the N6‐amino or O6‐keto group of adenine and guanine, respectively. Furthermore, selection is supported by hydrogen bonds involving the peptide backbone and by constraints imposed by hydrophobic side‐chains.
ISSN:1521-6543
1521-6551
DOI:10.1080/15216540500415636