Essential and toxic elements in seaweeds for human consumption

Essential elements (K, Ca, P, S, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Br, and I) and nonessential or toxic elements (Al, Ti, Si, Rb, Sr, As, Cd, Sn, and Pb) were determined by energy-dispersive polarized x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in 14 seaweeds purchased in local specialty stores in Italy and consumed by h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A Part A, 2016, Vol.79 (3), p.112-122
Main Authors: Desideri, D., Cantaluppi, C., Ceccotto, F., Meli, M. A., Roselli, C., Feduzi, L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Cadmium
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Chlorophyta - chemistry
Chlorophyta - classification
Chondrus crispus
Consumer Product Safety
Consumption
Cyanobacteria - chemistry
Cyanobacteria - classification
Food Contamination
Food contamination & poisoning
Food safety
Humans
Italy
Laminaria digitata
Lithothamnium
Metals
Nickel
Palmaria palmata
Phaeophyceae - chemistry
Phaeophyceae - classification
Rhodophyta - chemistry
Rhodophyta - classification
Risk
Seaweed - chemistry
Seaweed - classification
Seaweeds
Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
Toxic
Toxicology
Trace Elements - analysis
Ulva lactuca
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Summary:Essential elements (K, Ca, P, S, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Br, and I) and nonessential or toxic elements (Al, Ti, Si, Rb, Sr, As, Cd, Sn, and Pb) were determined by energy-dispersive polarized x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in 14 seaweeds purchased in local specialty stores in Italy and consumed by humans. The differences in elements between the algae species reached up to 2-4 orders of magnitude. Lithothamnium calcareum showed the highest levels of Ca, Al, Si, Fe, and Ti. Palmaria palmata showed the highest concentrations of K, Rb, and Cl. The highest content of S was in Chondrus crispus. Laminaria digitata contained the highest concentrations of total As, Cd, Sn, Br, and I. The highest concentration of Zn was in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Ulva lactuca displayed the highest levels of Cu, Ni, Mn, and Pb. Iodine levels ranged from 3.4 in Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 7316 mg/kg dry in Laminaria digitata. The nutrimental importance of essential elements was assessed using nutritional requirements. The results showed that the consumption of algae might serve as an important source of the essential elements. Health risk due to the toxic elements present in seaweed was estimated using risk estimators. Total As, Cd, and Pb concentrations ranged from
ISSN:1528-7394
1087-2620
2381-3504
DOI:10.1080/15287394.2015.1113598