A Survey on the Application of Phasor Measurement Units to the Protection of Transmission and Smart Distribution Systems

Renewable energy resources have increasingly been integrated into electric power grids. Moreover, new challenges constantly arise, showing the need for modernization in monitoring, control, and protection. Transmission and distribution systems have explored the use of phasor measurement units (PMUs)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Electric power components and systems 2024-05, Vol.52 (8), p.1379-1396
Main Authors: Menezes, T. S., Barra, P. H. A., Dizioli, F. A. S., Lacerda, V. A., Fernandes, R. A. S., Coury, D. V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
distribution systems
Electric power grids
Electric power systems
Electric relays
Energy distribution
Energy sources
Fault detection
Hardware
Measuring instruments
microgrids
Modernization
phasor measurement unit
Phasors
synchrophasors
transmission systems
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Summary:Renewable energy resources have increasingly been integrated into electric power grids. Moreover, new challenges constantly arise, showing the need for modernization in monitoring, control, and protection. Transmission and distribution systems have explored the use of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in an attempt to meet these requirements. The decreasing cost of hardware components of PMUs, similar to what occurred with digital relays, is an important factor in terms of their worldwide use in different applications. Low-cost variations of PMUs focused on distribution systems, such as micro- and D-PMUs, are growing in number. Thus, this survey article presents significant and recent research conducted in the field of power systems using PMUs. Firstly, it briefly describes the characteristics of PMUs concerning hardware and phasor estimation algorithms. Afterward, recent studies related to transmission and distribution system protection based on PMUs are presented, such as fault detection and location, stability, and wide-area protection. Finally, the article also provided important guidelines, which certainly can be useful for future research in the years to come.
ISSN:1532-5008
1532-5016
DOI:10.1080/15325008.2023.2240320