Diagnosis and treatment of an unusual cause of metabolic acidosis: ethylene glycol poisoning

Ethylene glycol intoxication is a rare but dangerous type of poisoning. It causes a severe acidosis with high anion and osmolal gaps. Clinical manifestations of the ethylene glycol intoxication can be divided in three phases: a neurologic stage, with hallucinations, stupor and coma; the second stage...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Acta clinica belgica (English ed. Online) 1999-12, Vol.54 (6), p.351-356
Main Authors: Piagnerelli, M, Lejeune, P, Vanhaeverbeek, M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acid-Base Imbalance - chemically induced
Acidosis - etiology
Alcohol Dehydrogenase - antagonists & inhibitors
Antidotes - therapeutic use
Bone Marrow Diseases - chemically induced
Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Ethanol - therapeutic use
Ethylene Glycol - poisoning
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Fomepizole
Humans
Middle Aged
Osmolar Concentration
Pyrazoles - therapeutic use
Renal Insufficiency - chemically induced
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult - chemically induced
Suicide, Attempted
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Summary:Ethylene glycol intoxication is a rare but dangerous type of poisoning. It causes a severe acidosis with high anion and osmolal gaps. Clinical manifestations of the ethylene glycol intoxication can be divided in three phases: a neurologic stage, with hallucinations, stupor and coma; the second stage is cardiovascular with cardiac failure. Renal failure characterizes the third stage, due to acute tubular necrosis. After aggressive gastric emptying, the main treatment is ethanol or 4-methypyrazole, which can be given either orally or intravenous, with supportive measures for all symptoms or diseased organ.
ISSN:1784-3286
2295-3337
DOI:10.1080/17843286.1999.11754259