Chromatin accessibility: methods, mechanisms, and biological insights

Access to DNA is a prerequisite to the execution of essential cellular processes that include transcription, replication, chromosomal segregation, and DNA repair. How the proteins that regulate these processes function in the context of chromatin and its dynamic architectures is an intensive field o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) Tex.), 2022-12, Vol.13 (1), p.238-278
Main Authors: Mansisidor, Andrés R., Risca, Viviana I.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accessibility
ATAC-seq
chromatin
Chromatin - genetics
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
compaction
DNA - chemistry
DNA - genetics
DNA Replication
heterochromatin
HP1
linker histones
MNase-seq
Nucleosomes
phase separation
Review
Review - Invited
transcription
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Summary:Access to DNA is a prerequisite to the execution of essential cellular processes that include transcription, replication, chromosomal segregation, and DNA repair. How the proteins that regulate these processes function in the context of chromatin and its dynamic architectures is an intensive field of study. Over the past decade, genome-wide assays and new imaging approaches have enabled a greater understanding of how access to the genome is regulated by nucleosomes and associated proteins. Additional mechanisms that may control DNA accessibility in vivo include chromatin compaction and phase separation - processes that are beginning to be understood. Here, we review the ongoing development of accessibility measurements, we summarize the different molecular and structural mechanisms that shape the accessibility landscape, and we detail the many important biological functions that are linked to chromatin accessibility.
ISSN:1949-1034
1949-1042
1949-1042
DOI:10.1080/19491034.2022.2143106