A novel mechanical design of a bolometric array for the CROSS double-beta decay experiment

• Published in: Journal of instrumentation 2024-09, Vol.19 (9), p.P09014
• Main Authors: Auguste, D., Barabash, A.S., Berest, V., Bergé, L., Calvo-Mozota, J.M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F.A., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Gallas, A., Giuliani, A., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V.V., Konovalov, S.I., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C.A., Martinez, M., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Ortiz de Solórzano, A., Peinaud, Y., Pessina, G., Poda, D.V., Rosier, Ph, Scarpaci, J.A., Tretyak, V.I., Umatov, V.I., Zarytskyy, M.M., Zolotarova, A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceptable noise levels; Arrays; Beta decay; Bolometers; Cryogenic detectors; Detector design and construction technologies and materials; Double-beta decay detectors; Lithium; Modular construction; Modular structures; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state); Q values (nuclear physics); Sensors
• ISSN: 1748-0221; 1748-0221
• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/19/09/P09014

The CROSS experiment will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay using a specific mechanical structure to hold thermal detectors. The design of the structure was tuned to minimize the background contribution, keeping an optimal detector performance. A single module of the structure holds two scintillating bolometers (with a crystal size of 45 × 45 × 45 mm and a Ge slab facing the crystal's upper side) in the Cu frame, allowing for a modular construction of a large-scale array. Two designs are released: the initial Thick version contains around 15% of Cu over the crystal mass (lithium molybdate, LMO), while this ratio is reduced to ∼ 6% in a finer ( Slim ) design. Both designs were tested extensively at aboveground (IJCLab, France) and underground (LSC, Spain) laboratories. In particular, at LSC we used a pulse-tube-based CROSS facility to operate a 6-crystal array of LMOs enriched/depleted in 100 Mo. The tested LMOs show high spectrometric performance in both designs; notably, the measured energy resolution is 5–7 keV FWHM at 2615 keV γs, nearby the Q-value of 100 Mo (3034 keV). Due to the absence of a reflective cavity around LMOs, a low scintillation signal is detected by Ge bolometers: ∼ 0.3 keV (150 photons) for 1-MeV γ ( β ) LMO-event. Despite that, an acceptable separation between α and γ ( β ) events is achieved with most devices. The highest efficiency is reached with light detectors in the Thick design thanks to a lower baseline noise width (0.05–0.09 keV RMS) when compared to that obtained in the Slim version (0.10–0.35 keV RMS). Given the pivotal role of bolometric photodetectors for particle identification and random coincidences rejection, we will use the structure here described with upgraded light detectors, featuring thermal signal amplification via the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect, as also demonstrated in the present work.