Large scale production of densified hydrogen to the triple point and below

Recent demonstration of advanced liquid hydrogen storage techniques using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage technology at NASA Kennedy Space Center led to the production of large quantities of densified liquid and slush hydrogen in a 125,000 L tank. Production of densified hydrogen was performed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering 2017-12, Vol.278 (1), p.12013
Main Authors: Swanger, A M, Notardonato, W U, Fesmire, J E, Jumper, K M, Johnson, W L, Tomsik, T M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Densification
Energy storage
Hydrogen
Hydrogen storage
Liquid hydrogen
Liquid levels
Propellant storage
Shutdowns
Silicon diodes
Slush
Slush hydrogen
Temperature sensors
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Summary:Recent demonstration of advanced liquid hydrogen storage techniques using Integrated Refrigeration and Storage technology at NASA Kennedy Space Center led to the production of large quantities of densified liquid and slush hydrogen in a 125,000 L tank. Production of densified hydrogen was performed at three different liquid levels and LH2 temperatures were measured by twenty silicon diode temperature sensors. Overall densification performance of the system is explored, and solid mass fractions are calculated. Experimental data reveal hydrogen temperatures dropped well below the triple point during testing, and were continuing to trend downward prior to system shutdown. Sub-triple point temperatures were seen to evolve in a time dependent manner along the length of the horizontal, cylindrical vessel. The phenomenon, observed at two fill levels, is detailed herein. The implications of using IRAS for energy storage, propellant densification, and future cryofuel systems are discussed.
ISSN:1757-8981
1757-899X
DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/278/1/012013