Representation mutations from standard genetic codes

• Published in: IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering 2018-03, Vol.332 (1), p.12026
• Main Authors: Aisah, I, Suyudi, M, Carnia, E, Suhendi, Supriatna, A K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenine; Amino acids; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Genetic code; Graphical representations; Matching; Mutation; Nitrogen; Protein synthesis; Proteins; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Signal processing; Thymine
• ISSN: 1757-8981; 1757-899X
• DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/332/1/012026

Graph is widely used in everyday life especially to describe model problem and describe it concretely and clearly. In addition graph is also used to facilitate solve various kinds of problems that are difficult to be solved by calculation. In Biology, graph can be used to describe the process of protein synthesis in DNA. Protein has an important role for DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). Proteins are composed of amino acids. In this study, amino acids are related to genetics, especially the genetic code. The genetic code is also known as the triplet or codon code which is a three-letter arrangement of DNA nitrogen base. The bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). While on RNA thymine (T) is replaced with Urasil (U). The set of all Nitrogen bases in RNA is denoted by N = {C U, A, G}. This codon works at the time of protein synthesis inside the cell. This codon also encodes the stop signal as a sign of the stop of protein synthesis process. This paper will examine the process of protein synthesis through mathematical studies and present it in three-dimensional space or graph. The study begins by analysing the set of all codons denoted by NNN such that to obtain geometric representations. At this stage there is a matching between the sets of all nitrogen bases N with Z2 × Z2; C=( 0 ¯ , 0 ¯ ),U=( 0 ¯ , 1 ¯ ),A=( 1 ¯ , 0 ¯ ),G=( 1 ¯ , 1 ¯ ) . By matching the algebraic structure will be obtained such as group, group Klein-4,Quotien group etc. With the help of Geogebra software, the set of all codons denoted by NNN can be presented in a three-dimensional space as a multicube NNN and also can be represented as a graph, so that can easily see relationship between the codon.