Infant nutrition and stereoacuity at age 4-6 y

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding has been reported to benefit visual development in children. A higher concentration of docosahexaneoic acid (DHA) in breast milk than in formula has been proposed as one explanation for this association and as a rationale for adding DHA to infant formula, but few long-term...

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Published in:The American journal of clinical nutrition 2007, Vol.85 (1), p.152-159
Main Authors: Singhal, Atul, Morley, Ruth, Cole, Tim J, Kennedy, Kathy, Sonksen, Patricia, Isaacs, Elizabeth, Fewtrell, Mary, Elias-Jones, Alun, Stephenson, Terence, Lucas, Alan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological and medical sciences
Breast Feeding
breast milk
Child
Child, Preschool
children
clinical trials
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - analysis
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - metabolism
docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage
Docosahexaenoic Acids - analysis
Docosahexaenoic Acids - metabolism
Feeding. Feeding behavior
Female
Food, Fortified
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Infant
Infant Formula - chemistry
infant formulas
infant nutrition
Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
infants
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Milk, Human - chemistry
Prospective Studies
stereoacuity
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
vision
Visual Acuity - drug effects
Visual Acuity - physiology
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Summary:BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding has been reported to benefit visual development in children. A higher concentration of docosahexaneoic acid (DHA) in breast milk than in formula has been proposed as one explanation for this association and as a rationale for adding DHA to infant formula, but few long-term data support this possibility. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were, first, to test the hypothesis that breastfeeding benefits stereoscopic visual maturation and, second, if that benefit is shown, to ascertain whether it is mediated by the dietary intake of DHA. DESIGN: Stereoacuity was measured by using the random dot E test (primary outcome), and visual acuity was measured by using the Sonksen-Silver acuity system (secondary outcome) in previously breastfed (n = 78) or formula-fed (n = 184) children aged 4-6 y who had been followed prospectively from birth. In the formula-fed group, children were randomly assigned to receive formula with either DHA or arachidonic acid (n = 94) or a control formula (n = 90) for the first 6 mo. RESULTS: Breastfed children had a significantly (P = 0.001) greater likelihood of foveal stereoacuity (high-grade or
ISSN:0002-9165
1938-3207
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/85.1.152