Cheap Versus Deep Manipulation: The Effects of Cheapfakes Versus Deepfakes in a Political Setting

Visual disinformation has been regarded as convincing because it strongly resembles reality. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of the effects of different forms of audiovisual disinformation—cheapfakes versus deepfakes. To advance the disinformation literature, this paper reports on the findings of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of public opinion research 2024-03, Vol.36 (1)
Main Author: Hameleers, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Citations: Items that this one cites
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c162t-7016cb34c6dadcef85399063b960de5276bb25809120465fbab919642d9fc8433
container_end_page
container_issue 1
container_start_page
container_title International journal of public opinion research
container_volume 36
creator Hameleers, Michael
description Visual disinformation has been regarded as convincing because it strongly resembles reality. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of the effects of different forms of audiovisual disinformation—cheapfakes versus deepfakes. To advance the disinformation literature, this paper reports on the findings of two experiments in which participants were exposed to political cheapfakes and deepfakes, respectively. Our main findings indicate that audiovisual disinformation is not perceived as more credible or believable than the same disinformation in textual format. Importantly, deepfakes are perceived as less credible than cheapfakes with a similar de-legitimizing anti-immigration narrative. Although more research is needed, our findings suggest that less sophisticated modes of deception can be at least as credible as more sophisticated forms of artificial intelligence-driven audiovisual fabrication.
doi_str_mv 10.1093/ijpor/edae004
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>crossref</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_crossref_primary_10_1093_ijpor_edae004</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>10_1093_ijpor_edae004</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c162t-7016cb34c6dadcef85399063b960de5276bb25809120465fbab919642d9fc8433</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpNkD9PwzAUxC0EEqUwsvsLhD7HjhOzoVL-SEUgUVijZ-eZuoQkit2Bb49oO3S60-nuhh9j1wJuBBg5C5uhH2fUIAGoEzYRqhSZNmBOj_w5u4hxAwAFVGLCcL4mHPgnjXEb-T3RwF-wC8O2xRT67pav1sQX3pNLkfee7-oevykeb_ZB6Djyt74NKThs-TulFLqvS3bmsY10ddAp-3hYrOZP2fL18Xl-t8yc0HnKShDaWamcbrBx5KtCGgNaWqOhoSIvtbV5UYEROShdeIvWCKNV3hjvKiXllGX7Xzf2MY7k62EMPzj-1gLqfz71jk994CP_APOLWvw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Cheap Versus Deep Manipulation: The Effects of Cheapfakes Versus Deepfakes in a Political Setting</title><source>Oxford Journals Online</source><creator>Hameleers, Michael</creator><creatorcontrib>Hameleers, Michael</creatorcontrib><description>Visual disinformation has been regarded as convincing because it strongly resembles reality. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of the effects of different forms of audiovisual disinformation—cheapfakes versus deepfakes. To advance the disinformation literature, this paper reports on the findings of two experiments in which participants were exposed to political cheapfakes and deepfakes, respectively. Our main findings indicate that audiovisual disinformation is not perceived as more credible or believable than the same disinformation in textual format. Importantly, deepfakes are perceived as less credible than cheapfakes with a similar de-legitimizing anti-immigration narrative. Although more research is needed, our findings suggest that less sophisticated modes of deception can be at least as credible as more sophisticated forms of artificial intelligence-driven audiovisual fabrication.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-6909</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-6909</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ijpor/edae004</identifier><language>eng</language><ispartof>International journal of public opinion research, 2024-03, Vol.36 (1)</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c162t-7016cb34c6dadcef85399063b960de5276bb25809120465fbab919642d9fc8433</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8038-5005</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hameleers, Michael</creatorcontrib><title>Cheap Versus Deep Manipulation: The Effects of Cheapfakes Versus Deepfakes in a Political Setting</title><title>International journal of public opinion research</title><description>Visual disinformation has been regarded as convincing because it strongly resembles reality. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of the effects of different forms of audiovisual disinformation—cheapfakes versus deepfakes. To advance the disinformation literature, this paper reports on the findings of two experiments in which participants were exposed to political cheapfakes and deepfakes, respectively. Our main findings indicate that audiovisual disinformation is not perceived as more credible or believable than the same disinformation in textual format. Importantly, deepfakes are perceived as less credible than cheapfakes with a similar de-legitimizing anti-immigration narrative. Although more research is needed, our findings suggest that less sophisticated modes of deception can be at least as credible as more sophisticated forms of artificial intelligence-driven audiovisual fabrication.</description><issn>1471-6909</issn><issn>1471-6909</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpNkD9PwzAUxC0EEqUwsvsLhD7HjhOzoVL-SEUgUVijZ-eZuoQkit2Bb49oO3S60-nuhh9j1wJuBBg5C5uhH2fUIAGoEzYRqhSZNmBOj_w5u4hxAwAFVGLCcL4mHPgnjXEb-T3RwF-wC8O2xRT67pav1sQX3pNLkfee7-oevykeb_ZB6Djyt74NKThs-TulFLqvS3bmsY10ddAp-3hYrOZP2fL18Xl-t8yc0HnKShDaWamcbrBx5KtCGgNaWqOhoSIvtbV5UYEROShdeIvWCKNV3hjvKiXllGX7Xzf2MY7k62EMPzj-1gLqfz71jk994CP_APOLWvw</recordid><startdate>20240301</startdate><enddate>20240301</enddate><creator>Hameleers, Michael</creator><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8038-5005</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240301</creationdate><title>Cheap Versus Deep Manipulation: The Effects of Cheapfakes Versus Deepfakes in a Political Setting</title><author>Hameleers, Michael</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c162t-7016cb34c6dadcef85399063b960de5276bb25809120465fbab919642d9fc8433</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hameleers, Michael</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>International journal of public opinion research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hameleers, Michael</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cheap Versus Deep Manipulation: The Effects of Cheapfakes Versus Deepfakes in a Political Setting</atitle><jtitle>International journal of public opinion research</jtitle><date>2024-03-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>36</volume><issue>1</issue><issn>1471-6909</issn><eissn>1471-6909</eissn><abstract>Visual disinformation has been regarded as convincing because it strongly resembles reality. Yet, we lack a clear understanding of the effects of different forms of audiovisual disinformation—cheapfakes versus deepfakes. To advance the disinformation literature, this paper reports on the findings of two experiments in which participants were exposed to political cheapfakes and deepfakes, respectively. Our main findings indicate that audiovisual disinformation is not perceived as more credible or believable than the same disinformation in textual format. Importantly, deepfakes are perceived as less credible than cheapfakes with a similar de-legitimizing anti-immigration narrative. Although more research is needed, our findings suggest that less sophisticated modes of deception can be at least as credible as more sophisticated forms of artificial intelligence-driven audiovisual fabrication.</abstract><doi>10.1093/ijpor/edae004</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8038-5005</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1471-6909
ispartof International journal of public opinion research, 2024-03, Vol.36 (1)
issn 1471-6909
1471-6909
language eng
recordid cdi_crossref_primary_10_1093_ijpor_edae004
source Oxford Journals Online
title Cheap Versus Deep Manipulation: The Effects of Cheapfakes Versus Deepfakes in a Political Setting
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-08T11%3A12%3A07IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-crossref&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cheap%20Versus%20Deep%20Manipulation:%20The%20Effects%20of%20Cheapfakes%20Versus%20Deepfakes%20in%20a%20Political%20Setting&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20public%20opinion%20research&rft.au=Hameleers,%20Michael&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.issn=1471-6909&rft.eissn=1471-6909&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093/ijpor/edae004&rft_dat=%3Ccrossref%3E10_1093_ijpor_edae004%3C/crossref%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c162t-7016cb34c6dadcef85399063b960de5276bb25809120465fbab919642d9fc8433%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true