Hubble Space Telescope survey of Magellanic Cloud star clusters: UV-dim stars in young clusters

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2023-10, Vol.524 (4), p.6149-6158
• Main Authors: Milone, A P, Cordoni, G, Marino, A F, Muratore, F, D’Antona, F, Di Criscienzo, M, Dondoglio, E, Lagioia, E P, Legnardi, M V, Mohandasan, A, Ziliotto, T, Dell’Agli, F, Tailo, M, Ventura, P
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad2242

ABSTRACT Young and intermediate-age star clusters of both Magellanic Clouds exhibit complex colour–magnitude diagrams. In addition to the extended main-sequence turn-offs (eMSTOs), commonly observed in star clusters younger than ∼2 Gyr, the clusters younger than ∼800 Myr exhibit split main sequences (MSs). These comprise a blue MS, composed of stars with low rotation rates, and a red MS, which hosts fast-rotating stars. While it is widely accepted that stellar populations with different rotation rates are responsible for the eMSTOs and split MSs, their formation and evolution are still debated. A recent investigation of the ∼1.7-Gyr-old cluster NGC 1783 detected a group of eMSTO stars extremely dim in ultraviolet (UV) bands. Here, we use multiband Hubble Space Telescope photometry to investigate five star clusters younger than ∼200 Myr, including NGC 1805, NGC 1818, NGC 1850, and NGC 2164 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and the Small Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 330. We discover a group of bright MS stars in each cluster that are significantly dim in the F225W and F275W bands, similar to what is observed in NGC 1783. Our result suggests that UV-dim stars are common in young clusters. The evidence that most of them populate the blue MS indicates that they are slow rotators. As a by-product, we show that the star clusters NGC 1850 and BHRT 5b exhibit different proper motions, thus corroborating the evidence that they are not gravitationally bound.