The shape distribution of superclusters in SDSS DR12

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2023-05, Vol.521 (3), p.4712-4730
• Main Authors: Bag, Satadru, Liivamägi, Lauri Juhan, Einasto, Maret
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad811

ABSTRACT Galaxy superclusters, the largest galaxy structures in the cosmic web, are formed due to the gravitational collapse (although they are not usually gravitationally bound). Their geometrical properties can shed light on the structure formation process on cosmological scales, hence on the fundamental properties of gravity itself. In this work we study the distributions of the shape, topology, and morphology of the superclusters extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12 (SDSS DR12) main galaxy sample and defined in two different ways – using fixed and adaptive density threshold in the luminosity-density field. To assess the geometry and topology of each individual supercluster, we employ Minkowski functionals and Shapefinders, precisely calculated by the shape diagnostic tool SURFGEN2. Both supercluster samples produce similar shape distributions. Perhaps not surprisingly, most superclusters are spherical in shape with trivial topology. However, large superclusters with volumes V ≳ 104 Mpc3 are statistically found to be filamentary with non-zero genus values. The results, supercluster catalogues and shape distributions are publicly available.