TYC 8606-2025-1: a mild barium star surrounded by the ejecta of a very late thermal pulse

• Published in: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2019-11, Vol.489 (4), p.5136-5145
• Main Authors: Gvaramadze, V V, Pakhomov, Yu V, Kniazev, A Y, Ryabchikova, T A, Langer, N, Fossati, L, Grebel, E K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0035-8711; 1365-2966
• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2484

ABSTRACT We report the discovery of a spiral-like nebula with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the results of optical spectroscopy of its associated star TYC 8606-2025-1 with the Southern African Large Telescope. We find that TYC 8606-2025-1 is a G8 III star of $\approx 3 \, \rm \, M_{\odot }$, showing a carbon depletion by a factor of 2 and a nitrogen enhancement by a factor of 3. We also derived an excess of s-process elements, most strongly for barium, which is a factor of 3 overabundant, indicating that TYC 8606-2025-1 is a mild barium star. We thereby add a new member to the small group of barium stars with circumstellar nebulae. Our radial velocity measurements indicate that TYC 8606-2025-1 has an unseen binary companion. The advanced evolutionary stage of TYC 8606-2025-1, together with the presence of a circumstellar nebula, implies an initial mass of the companion of also about $3 \, \rm \, M_{\odot }$. We conclude that the infrared nebula, due to its spiral shape, and because it has no optical counterpart, was ejected by the companion as a consequence of a very late thermal pulse, during about one orbital rotation.