A case of glucocorticoid-resistant adult Still's disease complicated by pulmonary hypertension and interstitial lung disease

• Published in: Modern rheumatology case reports 2023-01, Vol.7 (1), p.182-187
• Main Authors: Kusaka, Katsuhide, Miyagawa, Ippei, Kosaka, Shunpei, Matsunaga, Satsuki, Nakayamada, Shingo, Tanaka, Yoshiya
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Female; Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnosis; Hypertension, Pulmonary - drug therapy; Hypertension, Pulmonary - etiology; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - complications; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - diagnosis; Lung Diseases, Interstitial - drug therapy; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension - etiology; Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease - complications; Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease - diagnosis; Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease - drug therapy; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset - complications; Vasodilator Agents - therapeutic use
• ISSN: 2472-5625; 2472-5625
• DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxac081

Adult Still's disease (ASD) is rarely complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH). A 76-year-old woman experienced ASD relapse with repeated exacerbation of PH and interstitial lung disease. Although she had been treated with immunosuppressive agents and pulmonary vasodilators, the ASD relapsed with fever, rash, increased inflammatory responses and exacerbated interstitial lung disease, and PH. The pathology of PH appeared to encompass groups 1 [pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)], 1' [pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD)], and 3. Remission induction therapy with high-dose glucocorticoid and tocilizumab was administered, and switching or adding pulmonary vasodilators was also attempted. As the disease activity of ASD decreased, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance improved. PH is an extremely rare form of organ dysfunction in individuals with ASD. Like other systemic autoimmune diseases, PH (PAH or PVOD) can determine the prognosis of ASD. Because of PH's rarity, it is important to sufficiently evaluate its pathology, considering the possibility that PH is not clinically classified as PAH (group 1), and to administer immunosuppressive therapy and vasodilators according to the pathology.