Bifidobacterium breve reduces apoptotic epithelial cell shedding in an exopolysaccharide and MyD88-dependent manner

Certain members of the microbiota genus Bifidobacterium are known to positively influence host well-being. Importantly, reduced bifidobacterial levels are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, who also have impaired epithelial barrier function, including elevated rates of apopto...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Open biology 2017-01, Vol.7 (1), p.160155
Main Authors: Hughes, K. R., Harnisch, L. C., Alcon-Giner, C., Mitra, S., Wright, C. J., Ketskemety, J., van Sinderen, D., Watson, A. J. M., Hall, L. J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Apoptosis
bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium breve - physiology
Disease Models, Animal
Epithelial Cell Shedding
Epithelial Cells - cytology
Epithelial Cells - drug effects
Epithelial Cells - microbiology
Exopolysaccharide
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Intestine, Small - cytology
Intestine, Small - drug effects
Intestine, Small - microbiology
Lipopolysaccharides - toxicity
Mice
Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 - metabolism
Polysaccharides, Bacterial - metabolism
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Summary:Certain members of the microbiota genus Bifidobacterium are known to positively influence host well-being. Importantly, reduced bifidobacterial levels are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, who also have impaired epithelial barrier function, including elevated rates of apoptotic extrusion of small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from villi—a process termed ‘cell shedding’. Using a mouse model of pathological cell shedding, we show that mice receiving Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 exhibit significantly reduced rates of small IEC shedding. Bifidobacterial-induced protection appears to be mediated by a specific bifidobacterial surface exopolysaccharide and interactions with host MyD88 resulting in downregulation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic responses to protect epithelial cells under highly inflammatory conditions. Our results reveal an important and previously undescribed role for B. breve, in positively modulating epithelial cell shedding outcomes via bacterial- and host-dependent factors, supporting the notion that manipulation of the microbiota affects intestinal disease outcomes.
ISSN:2046-2441
2046-2441
DOI:10.1098/rsob.160155