The INO80 remodeller in transcription, replication and repair

• Published in: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological sciences 2017-10, Vol.372 (1731), p.20160290-20160290
• Main Authors: Poli, Jérôme, Gasser, Susan M., Papamichos-Chronakis, Manolis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphatase; Biodegradation; Catalysis; Catalytic activity; Checkpoint; Chromatin; Chromatin - genetics; Chromatin - metabolism; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA biosynthesis; DNA damage; DNA Repair; DNA Replication; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene regulation; Genetics; Genome Instability; Genomes; Ino80 Remodeller; Life Sciences; Nucleosomes; Repair; Replication; Replication Stress; Review; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA polymerase II; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism; Signaling; Stalling; Transcription; Transcription Factors; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Transcription, Genetic; Yeast
• ISSN: 0962-8436; 1471-2970
• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0290

The accessibility of eukaryotic genomes to the action of enzymes involved in transcription, replication and repair is maintained despite the organization of DNA into nucleosomes. This access is often regulated by the action of ATP-dependent nucleosome remodellers. The INO80 class of nucleosome remodellers has unique structural features and it is implicated in a diverse array of functions, including transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and DNA repair. Underlying these diverse functions is the catalytic activity of the main ATPase subunit, which in the context of a multisubunit complex can shift nucleosomes and carry out histone dimer exchange. In vitro studies showed that INO80 promotes replication fork progression on a chromatin template, while in vivo it was shown to facilitate replication fork restart after stalling and to help evict RNA polymerase II at transcribed genes following the collision of a replication fork with transcription. More recent work in yeast implicates INO80 in the general eviction and degradation of nucleosomes following high doses of oxidative DNA damage. Beyond these replication and repair functions, INO80 was shown to repress inappropriate transcription at promoters in the opposite direction to the coding sequence. Here we discuss the ways in which INO80's diverse functions help maintain genome integrity. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.