Nordic children’s conceptualizations of healthy eating in relation to school lunch

• Published in: Health education (Bradford, West Yorkshire, England) West Yorkshire, England), 2017-01, Vol.117 (2), p.130-147
• Main Authors: Berggren, Linda, Talvia, Sanna, Fossgard, Eldbjørg, Björk Arnfjörð, Unnur, Hörnell, Agneta, Ólafsdóttir, Anna Sigríður, Gunnarsdóttir, Ingibjörg, Wergedahl, Hege, Lagström, Hanna, Waling, Maria, Olsson, Cecilia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Children; Compulsory Education; Context Effect; Core curriculum; Cultural Influences; Data Collection; Disgust; Eating Habits; Education; Elementary School Students; Elicitation; Emotional Response; Focus Groups; Food; Food and Nutrition; Foreign Countries; Gender Issues; Grade 4; Guidelines; Health; Health Behavior; Health education; Healthy food; Hidden Curriculum; Intermediate Grades; Knowledge Level; Kostvetenskap; Legislation; Lunch Programs; Lunches; Meals; Multicenter studies; Norwegian; Nutrition; Nutrition education; Nutrition Instruction; Outcome Measures; Photography; Pictorial Stimuli; Public Health; School lunches; Schools; Social Influences; Stimulus; Student Attitudes; Students; Teaching Methods
• ISSN: 0965-4283; 1758-714X; 1758-714X
• DOI: 10.1108/HE-05-2016-0022

Purpose Pupils’ perspective should be better taken into account when developing nutrition education at school. The purpose of this paper is to explore Nordic children’s perspectives on the healthiness of meals in the context of school lunches. Design/methodology/approach In total, 78 focus group discussions were conducted with 10-11-year-old girls and boys (n=457) from schools in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, which were participating in the Nordic school meal project ProMeal during the school year 2013-2014. A flexible discussion guide and stimulus material in the form of 14 photographs displaying different school lunch contexts were used. The discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings These Nordic children seem to share the adult-set aim of healthy eating in the school context as a socio-cultural norm. Although healthy eating was constructed as a rational, normative and acceptable way to eat at school, unhealthy eating was emphasized as negotiably acceptable when eaten occasionally and under certain circumstances (e.g. at special occasions). Unhealthy eating also comprised emotionally laden descriptions such as enjoyment and disgust. Practical implications Children’s conceptualizations of healthy eating are connected to nutritional, socio-cultural, emotional and normative dimensions, which should be reflected also when developing nutrition education in school. Originality/value The need for research exploring children’s experiences of, and understandings about, school lunch motivated this unique multicenter study with a large number of participating children. In the focus groups a child-oriented, photo-elicitation method was used.