Innovative silk dyeing using enzyme and Rubia cordifolia extract at room temperature

• Published in: Pigment & resin technology 2017-07, Vol.46 (4), p.296-302
• Main Authors: Vankar, Padma S, Shukla, Dhara, Wijayapala, Samudrika, Samanta, Asish Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Amylases; Biocompatibility; Biodegradability; Biotechnology; Chromatography; Color; Cotton; Drinking water; Dyes; Energy conservation; Enzymes; Fourier transforms; Pectinase; Phytase; Pigments; Protease; Reaction kinetics; Room temperature; Silk; Textile industry; Textile research; Textiles; Wool; Xylanase; Yarn
• ISSN: 0369-9420; 1758-6941
• DOI: 10.1108/PRT-06-2016-0065

Purpose Natural dyes are mostly used for dyeing of natural fibre textiles to improve their eco-friendly features. For successful commercial use of natural dyes, the appropriate and standardized dyeing techniques need to be adopted. Appropriate scientific techniques or procedures need to be derived from scientific studies on dyeing methods, dyeing process variables, dyeing kinetics and compatibility of selective natural dyes with minimal use of hazardous chemicals. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, different enzymes (protease, amylase, xylanase, pectinase, phytase) were used efficiently with Rubia dye by using simultaneous and two-step processes; both the processes were developed with an aim for conservation of time and energy, for the ease of industrial use. The highlights of the study are twofold: eco-friendly natural dyeing by using enzyme replacing metal mordant and room temperature dyeing, which is a completely new concept. Findings Experiments showed that enzymatic treatment can give good colour strength to silk fabric using Rubia as a dye source and has good potential for commercial dyeing. It is a non-toxic dye. Use of enzymes were a deliberate attempt to avoid metal mordanting in silk dyeing, as it would make textile dyeing eco-friendlier. The order of reactivity of enzymes in one-step process was found to be protease > phytase > xylanase > amylase > pectinase. Similarly, for two-step dyeing process, the order of reactivity of enzymes observed was protease > amylase > xylanase = pectinase > phytase. Protease enzyme was the best option in both the cases. Overall, it can be concluded that in the case of enzymatic treatment, the two-step process was better in terms of larger K/S values, colour coordinate values and dye adherence. Research limitations/implications A new domain of room temperature dyeing technique has been introduced. Originality/value In the present study, different enzymes (protease, amylase, xylanase, pectinase, phytase) were used efficiently with Rubia dye by using simultaneous and two-step processes; both the processes were developed with an aim for conservation of time and energy, for the ease of industrial use. The highlights of the research are twofold: eco-friendly natural dyeing by using enzyme replacing metal mordant and room temperature dyeing, which is a completely new concept. Overall, the ease of use for industrial application. Rubia dye from Sri Lanka has been used in conjunction with different enzymes to