High-Isolation Wide-Band Four-Element MIMO Antenna Covering Ka-Band for 5G Wireless Applications

• Published in: IEEE access 2023, Vol.11, p.123030-123046
• Main Authors: Shariff B. G., Parveez, Naik, Akshay Anil, Ali, Tanweer, Mane, Pallavi R., David, Rajiv Mohan, Pathan, Sameena, Anguera, Jaume
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antenna design; Antenna radiation patterns; Antennas; Bandwidth; Bandwidths; Channel capacity; CMA; Communication; Decoupling; decoupling structure (DCS); diversity metrics; Extremely high frequencies; Line of sight communication; link margin; millimeter wave (mmWave); Millimeter wave communication; Millimeter wave technology; Millimeter waves; MIMO; MIMO communication; Network latency; Parameters; path loss; Radiation; Resonance; scalable MIMO; Spectrum allocation; Wave spectra; Wireless communication systems
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3328777

The wireless communication system is steered towards the millimeter wave spectrum to achieve low latency and high-speed data rate. The MIMO antennas aid in attaining a higher data rate. The prominent spectrum at millimeter wave is Ka-band, suitable for short-range communication. The \vert \text{S} -parameter \vert response and radiation pattern of the existing MIMO antenna at this band are relatively unstable. Hence it encouraged to design and develop a four-element MIMO antenna operating at Ka-band. The antenna is a circular ring shape with two concentric rings with a plus-shape stub overlayed on circular rings. The structure is developed in four-stage with the comprehension of characteristic mode theory (CMA). The proposed structure generated Mode 2 as an efficient mode, with minor Modes 3 and 5 contributing for resonance out of five modes. The overall antenna profile is 3.27\lambda _{0} \times 3.74\lambda _{0} (where \lambda _{0} is the wavelength at a resonance frequency of 28 GHz). The novel decoupling structure has improved the isolation to 30 dB and increased the bandwidth. The antenna has an operating bandwidth of 24.1-30.9 GHz, with a maximum gain of 6.5 dBi. The \vert \text{S} -parameter \vert from all the ports has an exact and stable response. The proposed antenna has resulted in bidirectional radiation tilted at an angle of 334^{0} and 210^{0} in the XZ plane. In the YZ plane, it has a triple beam. The radiation pattern is also stable throughout the bandwidth. The proposed MIMO antenna has a symmetrical design, demonstrating the possibility of expansion to n-element MIMO through a six-element MIMO antenna design. The article also presents the channel capacity, path loss, and link margin calculation for designed antenna line-of-sight (LOS) communication. The antenna has been evaluated with diversity parameters such as ECC, DC, CCL, TARC, and MEG.