Zero-Dimensional Modeling of a Nanosecond Pulsed Discharge

This article proposes a 0D model for Nanosecond Pulsed Discharges (NPD). The model incorporates the high-frequency transmission line, a lumped equivalent circuit for the load, a two-temperature model for heavy particles and electrons, and an ionization scheme. The load impedance is modeled as a stra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE access 2024, Vol.12, p.157807-157821
Main Authors: Balmelli, Michelangelo, Farber, Raphael, Soltic, Patrik, Bleiner, Davide, Franck, Christian M., Biela, Jurgen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Discharges (electric)
Electrons
ignition
Integrated circuit modeling
Ionization
Load modeling
Mathematical models
Nanosecond pulsed discharge
non-equilibrium plasma
NPD
Plasma temperature
Plasmas
spark-ignition engines
Sparks
thermal spark
transient plasma
Voltage measurement
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Summary:This article proposes a 0D model for Nanosecond Pulsed Discharges (NPD). The model incorporates the high-frequency transmission line, a lumped equivalent circuit for the load, a two-temperature model for heavy particles and electrons, and an ionization scheme. The load impedance is modeled as a stray capacitance in parallel with a stray inductance and a time-varying electrical resistance, which depends on the plasma radius and electron number density. The ionization mechanism used to simulate the electron number density includes the impact ionization of N2 and O2 and two- and three-body attachments on O2, all dependent on the applied electric field and gas temperature. The temperature variation is calculated using the energy conservation equation, with electrical power as the source. The model is tested against current and voltage measurements of NPDs in sub-mm gaps at pressures ranging from 2 to 8 bar. The comparison of simulation results with experimental data shows that the plasma's electrical resistance rapidly drops to low values within approximately 1-2 ns after breakdown. This drop is attributed to the formation of a fully ionized micrometer-sized thermal spark, a conclusion supported by optical emission spectroscopy measurements. This model is intended for experimental plasma researchers seeking a simple tool to understand plasma states through basic electrical measurements and for electrical engineers needing insights into varying load impedance, a crucial parameter for pulse generator design.
ISSN:2169-3536
2169-3536
DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3486583