Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry With Lumped Elements on Asymmetric Transmission Lines

Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has been traditionally used to detect hard faults (open and short circuit faults) in transmission lines. Prior work has focused on loads at the end of the line with little research on impedances from circuit elements located in the middle of the line...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE sensors journal 2021-01, Vol.21 (2), p.921-929
Main Authors: Edun, Ayobami S., Tumkur Jayakumar, Naveen Kumar, Kingston, Samuel R., Furse, Cynthia M., Scarpulla, Michael A., Harley, Joel B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymmetry
Circuit faults
Engineering
Fault detection
Impedance
impedance measurement
Instruments & Instrumentation
Mathematical analysis
Physics
Power transmission lines
Reflection
Reflection coefficient
Reflectometry
Resistors
Short circuits
Spread spectrum
spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR)
Spread spectrum transmission
Time domain analysis
Transmission line measurements
Transmission lines
Wave propagation
Wire
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Summary:Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has been traditionally used to detect hard faults (open and short circuit faults) in transmission lines. Prior work has focused on loads at the end of the line with little research on impedances from circuit elements located in the middle of the line (i.e., not at the load) or on only one wire of the line. In this work we consider cases of transmission lines with different impedances on each wire. We refer to lines with the same impedance on both wires (positive and negative) as symmetric. Lines with different impedances on each wire are asymmetric. For highly localized impedances (approximately infinitesimal in length, i.e. with a length significantly smaller than the wavelength of the incident signal), the reflections and their effects on the propagating wave become difficult to describe with traditional transmission line theory. We provide analytical expressions for reflection coefficients for symmetric and asymmetric transmission lines and show that these formulae describe experimental measurements of capacitors and resistors to about 99% accuracy for the magnitudes and 75% for the phases.
ISSN:1530-437X
1558-1748
DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2020.2967894