Dual-Band, Two-Layer Millimeter-Wave Transceiver for Hybrid MIMO Systems

This article presents a two-layer low-complexity fully connected (FC) RF/analog weighting multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transceiver comprising an RF weight layer and an analog-baseband weight layer. The transceiver can serve as a small-scale MIMO system by itself and can serve as the building bloc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2022-02, Vol.57 (2), p.339-355
Main Authors: Mondal, Susnata, Carley, Larry Richard, Paramesh, Jeyanandh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amplification
Amplifier design
Antenna arrays
Array signal processing
Baseband
Beamforming
Carrier aggregation
Cartesian coordinates
Circuits
Complexity
Computer architecture
digital beamforming
Energy efficiency
fifth generation (5G)
full-duplex
fully connected (FC)
hybrid beamforming (HBF)
Hybrid systems
Millimeter waves
millimeter-wave transceiver
MIMO communication
multi-input–multi-output (MIMO)
Multiplexing
phased array
Power efficiency
Prototypes
Radio frequency
Steering
Transceivers
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Summary:This article presents a two-layer low-complexity fully connected (FC) RF/analog weighting multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) transceiver comprising an RF weight layer and an analog-baseband weight layer. The transceiver can serve as a small-scale MIMO system by itself and can serve as the building block in a larger hybrid MIMO system. The architecture mitigates the complexity versus spectral-efficiency tradeoffs of existing MIMO architectures and enables MIMO stream/user scalability, superior energy efficiency, and spatial-processing flexibility. A compact, reconfigurable bidirectional circuit architecture is introduced, including a new Cartesian-combining/splitting beamforming receiver/transmitter, dual-band bidirectional beamforming network, dual-band frequency translation chains, and baseband Cartesian beamforming with an improved programmable gain amplifier design. A 28-/37-GHz band, two-layer, eight-element, four-stream hybrid MIMO transceiver prototype is designed in 65-nm CMOS to demonstrate the above features. The prototype achieves accurate beam/null-steering capability, excellent area/power efficiency, and state-of-the-art TX/RX mode performance in two simultaneous bands while demonstrating multi-antenna (up to eight) multi-stream (up to four) over-the-air spatial multiplexing operation using the proposed energy-efficient two-layer hybrid beamforming scheme.
ISSN:0018-9200
1558-173X
DOI:10.1109/JSSC.2021.3110520