Concurrent Validity of Motion Parameters Measured With an RGB-D Camera-Based Markerless 3D Motion Tracking Method in Children and Young Adults

• Published in: IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine 2024, Vol.12, p.580-588
• Main Authors: Hesse, Nikolas, Baumgartner, Sandra, Gut, Anja, Van Hedel, Hubertus J. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cameras; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Computation; Correlation coefficients; Cost analysis; Error analysis; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - instrumentation; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Impact analysis; Kinect; Kinematics; Low cost; Male; motion analysis; motion tracking; Movement - physiology; Parameters; Pediatrics; Photography - instrumentation; Photography - methods; Portability; Reproducibility of Results; RGB-D; Smoothness; Task analysis; Three dimensional motion; Three-dimensional displays; Time measurement; Time series; Time series analysis; Tracking; Video Recording - instrumentation; Video Recording - methods; Young Adult; Young adults
• ISSN: 2168-2372; 2168-2372
• DOI: 10.1109/JTEHM.2024.3435334

Objective: Low-cost, portable RGB-D cameras with integrated motion tracking functionality enable easy-to-use 3D motion analysis without requiring expensive facilities and specialized personnel. However, the accuracy of existing systems is insufficient for most clinical applications, particularly when applied to children. In previous work, we developed an RGB-D camera-based motion tracking method and showed that it accurately captures body joint positions of children and young adults in 3D. In this study, the validity and accuracy of clinically relevant motion parameters that were computed from kinematics of our motion tracking method are evaluated in children and young adults. Methods: Twenty-three typically developing children and healthy young adults (5-29 years, 110-189 cm) performed five movement tasks while being recorded simultaneously with a marker-based Vicon system and an Azure Kinect RGB-D camera. Motion parameters were computed from the extracted kinematics of both methods: time series measurements, i.e., measurements over time, peak measurements, i.e., measurements at a single time instant, and movement smoothness. The agreement of these parameter values was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficients r for time series data, and mean absolute error (MAE) and Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement for peak measurements and smoothness. Results: Time series measurements showed strong to excellent correlations (r-values between 0.8 and 1.0), MAE for angles ranged from 1.5 to 5 degrees and for smoothness parameters (SPARC) from 0.02-0.09, while MAE for distance-related parameters ranged from 9 to 15 mm. Conclusion: Extracted motion parameters are valid and accurate for various movement tasks in children and young adults, demonstrating the suitability of our tracking method for clinical motion analysis. Clinical Impact: The low-cost portable hardware in combination with our tracking method enables motion analysis outside of specialized facilities while providing measurements that are close to those of the clinical gold-standard.