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Mass Producible Low-Loss Broadband Optical Waveguides in Eagle2000 by Femtosecond Laser Writing
Optical waveguides were fabricated in alkaline earth boro-aluminosilicate glass, by femtosecond laser direct writing, with varying pulse energy and scan velocity. A spectral characterization, from 500 nm to 1700 nm, was made in order to determine their losses and understand its dependence on the pro...
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| Published in: | IEEE photonics technology letters 2019-10, Vol.31 (20), p.1658-1661 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-64f7d39cc5b164a7404a1c160a2120e9124eebcc3b1292d4b6a828dbcf73b2a03 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-64f7d39cc5b164a7404a1c160a2120e9124eebcc3b1292d4b6a828dbcf73b2a03 |
| container_end_page | 1661 |
| container_issue | 20 |
| container_start_page | 1658 |
| container_title | IEEE photonics technology letters |
| container_volume | 31 |
| creator | Amorim, Vitor A. Viveiros, Duarte Maia, Joao M. Marques, P. V. S. |
| description | Optical waveguides were fabricated in alkaline earth boro-aluminosilicate glass, by femtosecond laser direct writing, with varying pulse energy and scan velocity. A spectral characterization, from 500 nm to 1700 nm, was made in order to determine their losses and understand its dependence on the processing parameters. Three major loss mechanisms were identified. At longer wavelengths, loss is mainly due to weak coupling. On the other hand, the behavior at shorter wavelengths is governed by propagation loss due to Rayleigh scattering, which was shown to be practically eliminated ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/LPT.2019.2942104 |
| format | article |
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V. S.</creator><creatorcontrib>Amorim, Vitor A. ; Viveiros, Duarte ; Maia, Joao M. ; Marques, P. V. S.</creatorcontrib><description>Optical waveguides were fabricated in alkaline earth boro-aluminosilicate glass, by femtosecond laser direct writing, with varying pulse energy and scan velocity. A spectral characterization, from 500 nm to 1700 nm, was made in order to determine their losses and understand its dependence on the processing parameters. Three major loss mechanisms were identified. At longer wavelengths, loss is mainly due to weak coupling. On the other hand, the behavior at shorter wavelengths is governed by propagation loss due to Rayleigh scattering, which was shown to be practically eliminated (<; 0.05 dB · cm -1 · μm 4 ) at higher scan velocities. Bulk absorption was also found to have an influence in the propagation losses at higher wavelengths. The combination of intermediate pulse energies (between 125-250 nJ) and high scan velocities (above 6 cm/s) allowed the fabrication of optical waveguides offering low losses across the entire range of wavelengths tested, facilitating applications that require larger wavelength working bands. Furthermore, since optimal fabrication conditions are achieved at higher scanning velocities, mass production with reduced fabrication times can be achieved.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1041-1135</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1941-0174</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2019.2942104</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IPTLEL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Aluminosilicates ; Aluminum silicates ; Broadband ; Coupling loss ; Couplings ; Dependence ; Direct laser writing ; femtosecond laser direct writing ; Femtosecond pulsed lasers ; integrated optics ; low-loss broadband optical waveguides ; mass production ; Mie scattering ; Optical device fabrication ; Optical pulses ; Optical waveguides ; Parameter identification ; Process parameters ; propagation loss ; Propagation losses ; Rayleigh scattering ; Ultrafast optics ; Wave propagation ; Waveguide lasers ; Wavelengths</subject><ispartof>IEEE photonics technology letters, 2019-10, Vol.31 (20), p.1658-1661</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2019</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-64f7d39cc5b164a7404a1c160a2120e9124eebcc3b1292d4b6a828dbcf73b2a03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-64f7d39cc5b164a7404a1c160a2120e9124eebcc3b1292d4b6a828dbcf73b2a03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8843943$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27915,27916,54787</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Amorim, Vitor A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viveiros, Duarte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maia, Joao M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marques, P. V. S.</creatorcontrib><title>Mass Producible Low-Loss Broadband Optical Waveguides in Eagle2000 by Femtosecond Laser Writing</title><title>IEEE photonics technology letters</title><addtitle>LPT</addtitle><description>Optical waveguides were fabricated in alkaline earth boro-aluminosilicate glass, by femtosecond laser direct writing, with varying pulse energy and scan velocity. A spectral characterization, from 500 nm to 1700 nm, was made in order to determine their losses and understand its dependence on the processing parameters. Three major loss mechanisms were identified. At longer wavelengths, loss is mainly due to weak coupling. On the other hand, the behavior at shorter wavelengths is governed by propagation loss due to Rayleigh scattering, which was shown to be practically eliminated (<; 0.05 dB · cm -1 · μm 4 ) at higher scan velocities. Bulk absorption was also found to have an influence in the propagation losses at higher wavelengths. The combination of intermediate pulse energies (between 125-250 nJ) and high scan velocities (above 6 cm/s) allowed the fabrication of optical waveguides offering low losses across the entire range of wavelengths tested, facilitating applications that require larger wavelength working bands. Furthermore, since optimal fabrication conditions are achieved at higher scanning velocities, mass production with reduced fabrication times can be achieved.</description><subject>Aluminosilicates</subject><subject>Aluminum silicates</subject><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Coupling loss</subject><subject>Couplings</subject><subject>Dependence</subject><subject>Direct laser writing</subject><subject>femtosecond laser direct writing</subject><subject>Femtosecond pulsed lasers</subject><subject>integrated optics</subject><subject>low-loss broadband optical waveguides</subject><subject>mass production</subject><subject>Mie scattering</subject><subject>Optical device fabrication</subject><subject>Optical pulses</subject><subject>Optical waveguides</subject><subject>Parameter identification</subject><subject>Process parameters</subject><subject>propagation loss</subject><subject>Propagation losses</subject><subject>Rayleigh scattering</subject><subject>Ultrafast optics</subject><subject>Wave propagation</subject><subject>Waveguide lasers</subject><subject>Wavelengths</subject><issn>1041-1135</issn><issn>1941-0174</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9kNFLwzAQh4MoOKfvgi8BnzvvkqxtHnVsKlS2h8keQ5Kmo6NrZ9Iq---NbPh0P47v7riPkHuECSLIp2K1njBAOWFSMARxQUYoBSaAmbiMGWJG5NNrchPCDgDFlIsRUR86BLryXTnY2jSOFt1PUnSx9-I7XRrdlnR56GurG7rR32471KULtG7pXG8bxwCAmiNduH3fBWe7iBc6OE83vu7rdntLrirdBHd3rmPyuZivZ29JsXx9nz0XiWUS-yQVVVZyae3UYCp0JkBotJiCZsjASWTCOWMtN8gkK4VJdc7y0tgq44Zp4GPyeNp78N3X4EKvdt3g23hSMQ7AeS7TLFJwoqyPL3pXqYOv99ofFYL606iiRvWnUZ01xpGH00jtnPvH81xwKTj_BTkSbQY</recordid><startdate>20191015</startdate><enddate>20191015</enddate><creator>Amorim, Vitor A.</creator><creator>Viveiros, Duarte</creator><creator>Maia, Joao M.</creator><creator>Marques, P. V. S.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20191015</creationdate><title>Mass Producible Low-Loss Broadband Optical Waveguides in Eagle2000 by Femtosecond Laser Writing</title><author>Amorim, Vitor A. ; Viveiros, Duarte ; Maia, Joao M. ; Marques, P. V. S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-64f7d39cc5b164a7404a1c160a2120e9124eebcc3b1292d4b6a828dbcf73b2a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Aluminosilicates</topic><topic>Aluminum silicates</topic><topic>Broadband</topic><topic>Coupling loss</topic><topic>Couplings</topic><topic>Dependence</topic><topic>Direct laser writing</topic><topic>femtosecond laser direct writing</topic><topic>Femtosecond pulsed lasers</topic><topic>integrated optics</topic><topic>low-loss broadband optical waveguides</topic><topic>mass production</topic><topic>Mie scattering</topic><topic>Optical device fabrication</topic><topic>Optical pulses</topic><topic>Optical waveguides</topic><topic>Parameter identification</topic><topic>Process parameters</topic><topic>propagation loss</topic><topic>Propagation losses</topic><topic>Rayleigh scattering</topic><topic>Ultrafast optics</topic><topic>Wave propagation</topic><topic>Waveguide lasers</topic><topic>Wavelengths</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amorim, Vitor A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viveiros, Duarte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maia, Joao M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marques, P. V. S.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>IEEE photonics technology letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amorim, Vitor A.</au><au>Viveiros, Duarte</au><au>Maia, Joao M.</au><au>Marques, P. V. S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mass Producible Low-Loss Broadband Optical Waveguides in Eagle2000 by Femtosecond Laser Writing</atitle><jtitle>IEEE photonics technology letters</jtitle><stitle>LPT</stitle><date>2019-10-15</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>31</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>1658</spage><epage>1661</epage><pages>1658-1661</pages><issn>1041-1135</issn><eissn>1941-0174</eissn><coden>IPTLEL</coden><abstract>Optical waveguides were fabricated in alkaline earth boro-aluminosilicate glass, by femtosecond laser direct writing, with varying pulse energy and scan velocity. A spectral characterization, from 500 nm to 1700 nm, was made in order to determine their losses and understand its dependence on the processing parameters. Three major loss mechanisms were identified. At longer wavelengths, loss is mainly due to weak coupling. On the other hand, the behavior at shorter wavelengths is governed by propagation loss due to Rayleigh scattering, which was shown to be practically eliminated (<; 0.05 dB · cm -1 · μm 4 ) at higher scan velocities. Bulk absorption was also found to have an influence in the propagation losses at higher wavelengths. The combination of intermediate pulse energies (between 125-250 nJ) and high scan velocities (above 6 cm/s) allowed the fabrication of optical waveguides offering low losses across the entire range of wavelengths tested, facilitating applications that require larger wavelength working bands. Furthermore, since optimal fabrication conditions are achieved at higher scanning velocities, mass production with reduced fabrication times can be achieved.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/LPT.2019.2942104</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | IEEE photonics technology letters, 2019-10, Vol.31 (20), p.1658-1661 |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) Journals |
| subjects | Aluminosilicates Aluminum silicates Broadband Coupling loss Couplings Dependence Direct laser writing femtosecond laser direct writing Femtosecond pulsed lasers integrated optics low-loss broadband optical waveguides mass production Mie scattering Optical device fabrication Optical pulses Optical waveguides Parameter identification Process parameters propagation loss Propagation losses Rayleigh scattering Ultrafast optics Wave propagation Waveguide lasers Wavelengths |
| title | Mass Producible Low-Loss Broadband Optical Waveguides in Eagle2000 by Femtosecond Laser Writing |
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